Nat Cell Biol:明星抑癌因子的“保镖”

2013-11-29 佚名 生物通

PTEN是在癌细胞中常常缺失的一种抑癌蛋白,现在来自德克萨斯MD安德森癌症中心的科学家们领导的一项研究发现了PTEN的一个保护者,研究结果发表在本周的《自然细胞生物学》(Nature Cell Biology)杂志上。 论文的资深作者、实验放射肿瘤学助理教授马丽(Li Ma,音译)说:“我们发现USP13酶通过逆转泛素化过程稳定了PTEN蛋白。并且USP13还通过PT

PTEN是在癌细胞中常常缺失的一种抑癌蛋白,现在来自德克萨斯MD安德森癌症中心的科学家们领导的一项研究发现了PTEN的一个保护者,研究结果发表在本周的《自然细胞生物学》(Nature Cell Biology)杂志上。

论文的资深作者、实验放射肿瘤学助理教授马丽(Li Ma,音译)说:“我们发现USP13酶通过逆转泛素化过程稳定了PTEN蛋白。并且USP13还通过PTEN抑制了肿瘤形成和糖酵解。”糖酵解是肿瘤赖以旺盛生长的一条葡萄糖代谢信号通路。

在细胞系和小鼠模型实验中确立这一关系后,研究人员发现人类乳腺癌中低水平USP13与更低水平的PTEN有关联。两种蛋白在正常乳腺组织中的含量均更为丰富。

PTEN调控了细胞生长和分裂。它还抑制了AKT分子信号通路的信号传导,AKT分子信号已知与细胞生存、代谢和生长相关,在人类细胞中它常常过度激活。

这一研究发现提供了一条新途径来思考PTEN缺陷以及如何来挽救它。马丽指出,一种有可能的治疗方法其关键是,要鉴别出在癌细胞中抑制USP13的、药物可及的癌基因,或是击中通常受到PTEN控制的靶标。

“在我们的论文中,我们证实USP13丧失导致了PTEN丧失和AKT信号激活,采用AKT抑制剂MK-2206治疗一种乳腺癌细胞系可以消除USP13丧失所导致的促进肿瘤细胞增殖效应,”马丽说。在MD安德森癌症中心和其他地方,研究人员正在一些临床试验中积极地测试MK-2206对于包括晚期乳腺癌在内的各种癌症的效力。

遗传缺陷无法单独解释PTEN缺失

马丽说:“我们开展这项研究工作的理论依据在于,尽管我们在人类癌症中经常看到PTEN基因改变,但却在更高比例的人类肿瘤中观察到了PTEN蛋白缺失。例如,约5%的非遗传性乳腺癌携带PTEN基因突变,然而实际上在近40%的乳腺癌中报道有PTEN蛋白丧失。这表明,基因表达之后或是翻译成蛋白质之后PTEN所受到的调控,有可能大力推动了人类乳腺癌形成。”

马丽和同事们将焦点放在了泛素化,这一通过给分子附着泛素来调控蛋白质的过程上。当多个泛素附着到一种蛋白质上时,所形成的泛素链为蛋白酶体提供了一个靶标和把手。蛋白酶体随后可降解蛋白质,回收蛋白质片段用作其他用途。

以往的研究揭示,一些蛋白质将泛素附着到PTEN上触动了它的毁灭。但却没有发现可以为PTEN逆转这一过程的蛋白质。

检测30个30 DUBs找到了一个PTEN保护者

研究小组筛查了30个已知的去泛素化酶(deubiquitylating enzyme,DUBs)上。值得注意的是,其中的USP13能够通过直接结合到PTEN上,去除泛素稳定PTEN。

一系列实验表明,USP13在乳腺癌细胞中过表达会导致:

•PTEN表达增高,细胞增殖减少以及倒转癌性状态

•促癌AKT信号下降

•对于缺失PTEN基因的癌细胞没有影响

该研究小组还证实,USP13移除了PTEN上的泛素。沉默USP13表达导致PTEN多聚泛素化增高3倍,表达USP13可以将其降低65%。在乳腺癌细胞中抑制USP13可以促进细胞增殖和生长,而恢复PTEN或USP13可以完全逆转这一效应。

小鼠中USP13水平越低,肿瘤越大

相比于对照组,那些移植一种乳腺癌细胞系且耗尽USP13的小鼠,在65天时肿瘤体积要大2.5倍,肿瘤重量高3.5倍。

马丽和同事们还利用来自美国国家癌症研究所的人类乳腺癌进程组织芯片分析了USP13和PTEN。证实:

•在206个肿瘤中有152个(73,8%)PTEN水平较低,201个肿瘤中有83个(41.3%)USP13水平较低。

•在83个USP13低水平的肿瘤中,73个(88%)PTEN低水平。

•在正常乳腺癌组织中,只有31.8%的PTEN低水平;13.2%的USP13低水平。

“我们将来的研究将确定USP13的生理功能以及在人类癌症中的表达丧失情况,”马丽说。

原文出处:

Zhang J, Zhang P, Wei Y, Piao HL, Wang W, Maddika S, Wang M, Chen D, Sun Y, Hung MC, Chen J, Ma L.Deubiquitylation and stabilization of PTEN by USP13.Nat Cell Biol. 2013 Nov 24. doi: 10.1038/ncb2874. 

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    2014-06-13 维他命
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    2013-12-28 liye789132251
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    2013-12-23 sunylz

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