Nat Med:美发现血栓调节素和活性蛋白C可治疗辐射中毒药物

2012-07-30 常丽君 中国新闻网

近日,美国辛辛那提儿童医院医疗中心等机构研究人员发现两种治疗辐射中毒的药物,即使在受到辐射24小时后注射,仍能显著提高生存率。这一发现为人们理解并治疗辐射伤害开辟了新途径。相关论文发表在6月24日的《自然—医学》(Nature Medicine)上。 这两种药物是血栓调节素和活性蛋白C,前者最近在日本已经获批用来预防血栓症;后者曾是治疗由血液中毒所致炎症的主要药物,由美国印第安纳州制药公司Eli

近日,美国辛辛那提儿童医院医疗中心等机构研究人员发现两种治疗辐射中毒的药物,即使在受到辐射24小时后注射,仍能显著提高生存率。这一发现为人们理解并治疗辐射伤害开辟了新途径。相关论文发表在6月24日的《自然—医学》(Nature Medicine)上。

这两种药物是血栓调节素和活性蛋白C,前者最近在日本已经获批用来预防血栓症;后者曾是治疗由血液中毒所致炎症的主要药物,由美国印第安纳州制药公司Eli Lilly制造,因疗效不佳去年10月退出美国市场。在实验中,研究人员给小鼠照射了致死剂量的40%到80%的辐射,两种药物中任一种,都能使产生白细胞的关键骨髓细胞增加8倍之多。

长期以来,人们认为高剂量辐射造成的伤害是瞬间发生且不可逆转的,会导致肠道破坏、骨髓细胞丧失、造血和免疫机能受损。为预防群众辐射中毒,许多国家储备了一种叫做粒细胞集落刺激因子的药物作为应对措施。这种药能增进骨髓功能,但必须冷冻保存,偶尔还会有副作用,必须在受辐射后尽快使用。“大部分人认为,一旦被辐射了一切就都完了。但现在你要知道,事情还有转机。”美国俄亥俄州辛辛那提儿童医院医疗中心干细胞生物学家哈特穆特·盖格说。

新研究是两个独立研究的联合。盖格小组正在研究变异小鼠的辐射抗性,变异让它们能产生更多的血栓调节蛋白,而威斯康辛州血液中心哈特穆特·威勒的小组在研究肠道自然产生的蛋白C对辐射产生的反应,血栓调节素产生了活性蛋白C。他们发现,在缓解总体放射致死率方面,这种血栓调节素―活性蛋白C(Thbd-aPC)路径是一种新机制。尽管该路径效果还有局限,但将可溶性Thbd或aPC进行系统组合管理,能显著提高辐射保护的效果。

实验中,他们给48只小鼠照射了9.5戈瑞(吸收剂量单位,指被照射物体单位质量所吸收的辐射能量)的辐射。经24小时和48小时后,给30只小鼠注射了活性蛋白C。30天后,未注射小鼠仅30%生存下来,注射后的小鼠有70%生存下来。血栓调节素也能提高生存率,但必须在照射后30分钟内使用才有效。

去年日本福岛核事故后,很多机构致力于研发治疗辐射病药物。去年哈佛医学院发现一种高效抗生素联蛋白能阻止辐射所致感染,而这两种药在人类临床实试上更进了一步。美国武装部队辐射生物学研究所辐射生物学家马克·怀特诺说:“这两种药剂非常好,已经用在人类身上。”他还提醒人们,研究人员尚未对所有范围的辐射剂量进行实验,以确立这一领域的标准。不过,这为找到潜在药物标靶带来了新希望。

doi:10.1038/nm.2813
PMC:

PMID:

Pharmacological targeting of the thrombomodulin–activated protein C pathway mitigates radiation toxicity

Hartmut Geiger,1, 2, 10 Snehalata A Pawar,3, 10 Edward J Kerschen,4, 10 Kalpana J Nattamai,1, 10 Irene Hernandez,4 Hai Po H Liang,4 Jose á Fernández,5 Jose A Cancelas,1 Marnie A Ryan,1 Olga Kustikova,6 Axel Schambach,6 Qiang Fu,3 Junru Wang,3 Louis M Fink,7 Karl-Uwe Petersen,8 Daohong Zhou,3 John H Griffin,5 Christopher Baum,6 Hartmut Weiler4, 10 & Martin Hauer-Jensen3, 9, 10

Tissue damage induced by ionizing radiation in the hematopoietic and gastrointestinal systems is the major cause of lethality in radiological emergency scenarios and underlies some deleterious side effects in patients undergoing radiation therapy1, 2. The identification of target-specific interventions that confer radiomitigating activity is an unmet challenge. Here we identify the thrombomodulin (Thbd)–activated protein C (aPC) pathway as a new mechanism for the mitigation of total body irradiation (TBI)-induced mortality. Although the effects of the endogenous Thbd-aPC pathway were largely confined to the local microenvironment of Thbd-expressing cells, systemic administration of soluble Thbd or aPC could reproduce and augment the radioprotective effect of the endogenous Thbd-aPC pathway. Therapeutic administration of recombinant, soluble Thbd or aPC to lethally irradiated wild-type mice resulted in an accelerated recovery of hematopoietic progenitor activity in bone marrow and a mitigation of lethal TBI. Starting infusion of aPC as late as 24 h after exposure to radiation was sufficient to mitigate radiation-induced mortality in these mice. These findings suggest that pharmacologic augmentation of the activity of the Thbd-aPC pathway by recombinant Thbd or aPC might offer a rational approach to the mitigation of tissue injury and lethality caused by ionizing radiation.

 

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2055172, encodeId=1e4520551e2aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=091688615da' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#蛋白C#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88615, encryptionId=091688615da, topicName=蛋白C)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4f2c2500194, createdName=446798725_87912765, createdTime=Sat Feb 09 20:54:00 CST 2013, time=2013-02-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1879331, encodeId=4b4618e9331e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon Oct 15 22:54:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1318974, encodeId=700513189e47c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=14d92231508' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中毒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22315, encryptionId=14d92231508, topicName=中毒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Wed Aug 01 03:54:00 CST 2012, time=2012-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1349283, encodeId=4bce13492830c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=838593e35b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#辐射#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93735, encryptionId=838593e35b2, topicName=辐射)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8e4c53, createdName=jiyangfei, createdTime=Wed Aug 01 03:54:00 CST 2012, time=2012-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1605801, encodeId=6a51160580115, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Wed Aug 01 03:54:00 CST 2012, time=2012-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2012-10-15 liye789132251
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    2012-08-01 mashirong
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    2012-08-01 jiyangfei
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