Immunity:我们之前都错了吗,T-bet其实限制Th1细胞亚型分化

2017-06-21 MedSci MedSci原创

总之,这一研究颠覆了传统TH1细胞分化过程中,对于T-bet转录因子的功能的假设。提出了T-bet其实是作为TH1细胞分化的控制因子,防止其信号的过度放大。尽管这一假设十分新颖,但是未来仍需要检测是否缺乏T-bet转录因子能够促进各种免疫疾病的发生,以及是否影响抗病毒的免疫反应。

宿主对各种微生物病原体的防御需要CD4+辅助T(Th)细胞,这类细胞根据分化过程中分泌细胞因子的不同分为不同的亚型,其中包括优先产生干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)的Th1细胞。 IFN-γ的功能是抗微生物病原和抗肿瘤干细胞的一种细胞激素家族的成员,能够诱导转录因子T-bet蛋白的表达,后者是定义Th1细胞亚型分化所需的必要转录因子,产生的Th1细胞亚型反过来以反馈的方式产生更多的IFN-γ及I型干扰素的产生。后者能进一步反馈放大细胞的免疫信号。

因此,在传统的T细胞分化理论中,T-bet被认为是促进Th1细胞及其IFN-γ产生的调节因子。在最新的一期Cell杂志中,Shigeru Iwata及其同事报导了他们的发现,一反传统的理论,出人意料的是:转录因子T-bet其实是抑制产生IFN-γ的Th1细胞,并且降低其在受IFN-γ的刺激后产生的I型干扰素(type I interferon)的水平,以及减少下游基于I型干扰素而产生的免疫信号的放大。

研究人员通过比较缺失T-bet转录因子的Th1细胞在受到IFN-γ的刺激后,表现出更多的基因表达特征支持I型干扰素的功能。这一结果,暗示T-bet的存在可以抑制高水平的IFN-γ所引起的I型干扰素的产生及其下游信号通路的激活。

研究人员进一步发现,IFN-γ刺激后所产生的抗病毒基因的表达上调需要STAT1,STAT2和IRF9这些转录因子的活化以及结合染色体,引起这些抗病毒基因的表达。通过免疫沉淀结合深度测序(ChIP)的方法,显示上述这些激活抗病毒基因表达的转录因子结合染色体的位置很大程度上与T-bet转录因子重合。 并且在,缺失T-bet的情况下,上述转录因子的功能大大增强。这些结果,暗示T-bet与上述的转录因子存在相互竞争抑制对方功能的作用。

由于IFN-γ刺激后所产生的I型干扰素能够反过来进一步放大各类细胞自身的免疫反应,研究人员发现如果使用I型干扰素抑制剂阻断I型干扰素信号通路,则在缺失T-bet转录因子的TH1细胞中,其过免疫反应的基因表达特征恢复到正常范围内,与正常野生型细胞的表现一样。这一数据显示,T-bet抑制Th1细胞的分化和功能是通过抑制I型干扰素的回馈作用。

总之,这一研究颠覆了传统TH1细胞分化过程中,对于T-bet转录因子的功能的假设。提出了T-bet其实是作为TH1细胞分化的控制因子,防止其信号的过度放大。尽管这一假设十分新颖,但是未来仍需要检测是否缺乏T-bet转录因子能够促进各种免疫疾病的发生,以及是否影响抗病毒的免疫反应。

原始出处:
Shigeru Iwata et al. The Transcription Factor T-bet Limits Amplification of Type I IFN Transcriptome and Circuitry in T Helper 1 Cells. Iwata et al., 2017, Immunity 46, 983–991 June 20, 2017 Published by Elsevier Inc. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2017.05.005

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    2018-05-27 yuanming7
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    2017-06-21 清风拂面

    学习了,谢谢分享

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