Eur J Vas Endo Sur: 筛查中检测到主动脉直径25~29 mm的65岁男性建议长期随访主动脉扩张进程以确定是否需要手术修复

2021-08-17 “Clinic門诊新视野”公众号 “Clinic門诊新视野”公众号

随着腹主动脉瘤(AAA)筛查计划在更多国家和地区的开展和推广,更多肾下腹主动脉扩张略低于30 mm的患者被诊断,但如何管理这些患者仍存在不确定性。有新的证据表明,直径为25~29 mm的主动脉扩张患者

随着腹主动脉瘤(AAA)筛查计划在更多国家和地区的开展和推广,更多肾下腹主动脉扩张略低于30 mm的患者被诊断,但如何管理这些患者仍存在不确定性。有新的证据表明,直径为25~29 mm的主动脉扩张患者亚组(SAA)中许多最终会发展为AAA,达到手术修复适应标准或发生破裂。一项2021年8月4日最新在线发布于《欧洲血管外科学会》(ESVS)杂志的基于人群的队列研究,评估了筛查检测到SAA的男性患者在发展为AAA方面的长期自然病程,并判断是否进展到符合手术修复适应标准的直径(≥55 mm)。(点击文末“阅读原文”,查看原文)

研究方法

本研究旨在评估筛查发现的SAA男性患者的长期预后,重点是进展为AAA以及达到手术修复的适应标准的直径的AAA的比例。

研究方法

2006~2015年期间,瑞典中部所有筛查检测到SAA的65岁男性在5年和10年后都接受了超声检查随访。主要结果是主动脉直径扩展到≥30 mm和≥55 mm的AAA。次要结果是疾病进展、手术修复率和死亡率的危险因素。

研究结果

共筛查出1,020名65岁男性SAA患者,其中940人(92.2%;95%CI 91.0~93.8)保持随访。Kaplan-Meier估计,检测出SAA五年(平均4.9年)后随访,发展为主动脉直径≥30mm的AAA的发生率为65.8%(61.6~69.4),所有直径均<55 mm。Kaplan-Meier估计,检测出SAA十年(平均11.9年)后随访,主动脉直径≥30mm发生率为95.1%(90.1~97.4),直径≥55 mm发生率29.7%(18.0~39.7;图1)。所有41例十年最终扩张至主动脉直径≥55 mm的SAA在5年随访时直径均≥30 mm。其中32例进行了手术修复,存活率为100%;6例计划进行修复;3例(7.3%)不符合修复适应证。Kaplan-Meier估计,随访五年和十年时全因死亡率分别为7.0%和17.9%,没有证实与AAA有关的死亡。

图1. SAA男性随访期间进展至主动脉直径≥55 mm的AAA的累积Kaplan-Meier估计值

图2. 根据五年随访时主动脉直径25~29 mm和≥30 mm分层的主动脉直径进展至≥55 mm的累积Kaplan-Meier估计发生率

总 结

大多数SAA最终会发展为AAA,其中30%预计最终会在十年内发展到符合手术修复的适应标准。筛查出SAA后的五年超声随访策略可以安全有效地识别那些有可能发展为临床AAA并需要手术修复的SAA,对于任何预期寿命良好的人群都适用。

原始出处:

Thorbj rnsen K et al. Long Term Outcome of Screen Detected Sub-Aneurysmal Aortas in 65 Year Old Men: a Single Scan After Five Years Identifies Those at Risk of Needing AAA Repair, European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2021.05.039.

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    2021-09-09 lsj637
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