单细胞RNA测序--TargetAmp法、SMART法

2014-04-06 陈巍 陈巍学基因

TargetAmp法测单细胞全RNA Illumina旗下的EpiCentre公司开发的TargetAmp方法,可以把少量RNA(最少到1个细胞,约10pg)扩增到ng级,以达到可以进行高通量测序所需的核酸量。1. 第一链cDNA合成a. 用T7-Oligo(dT)的引物进行cDNA合成,以便引入一个T7启动子2. 第二链cDNA合成a. cDNA:RNA杂交产物中的RNA被RNase

TargetAmp法测单细胞全RNA

Illumina旗下的EpiCentre公司开发的TargetAmp方法,可以把少量RNA(最少到1个细胞,约10pg)扩增到ng级,以达到可以进行高通量测序所需的核酸量。


1. 第一链cDNA合成

a. 用T7-Oligo(dT)的引物进行cDNA合成,以便引入一个T7启动子

2. 第二链cDNA合成

a. cDNA:RNA杂交产物中的RNA被RNase H消化,剩下cDNA单链

3. 体处转录合成aRNA

a. 利用带T7的转录启动子的双链DNA,启动体外转录生成大量aRNA

        4. 纯化aRNA

5. 第二轮的第一链cDNA合成

a. 使用随机引物,再合成一轮cDNA

6. 第二轮中的第二链cDNA合成

a. 用RNase H把DNA:RNA杂交产物中的RNA消化掉。用T7-Oligo(dT)引物合成cDNA

本方法的特点:

  • 第一轮与第二轮都是线性扩增,大大减少了PCR反应的指数效应所引起的Bias(偏差)

  • 高效扩增,一轮扩增可以扩增几千倍,把10pg级的Total RNA中的mRNA扩增到几个ng,达到二代测序的样本量要求。如果经过两轮扩增,就可以达到生物芯片所需的ug级的核酸量

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SMART法测单细胞的全长全RNA

单细胞RNA-seq测序,将为科学家带来巨大的研究新空间。但是单细胞RNA-seq所面对的困难也是巨大的:

1. 起始RNA只有约10pg

2. 如何保证大部分的mRNA被逆转录成cDNA

3. 如果高效地得到长全cDNA,而不是断裂的靠近poly(A)尾巴的那些cDNA

4. 如何扩增cDNA

SMART-seq方法是一种优秀的单细胞全长RNA-seq方法。

原理:


巧妙:

1. 用“带poly(T)—PCR下游扩增序列的引物”启动逆转录。这样保证了逆转录是从模板最3’端的Poly(A)位置起始,且逆转录的产物连上了一个可以PCR扩增的下游引物序列。

2. 用SMARTscribe RT酶进行逆转录,这个酶有个特点:会在转录的末端,延长出几个超过模板的C碱基

3. 用“带3个g—PCR上游扩增序列的引物”与逆转录得到的第1链进行粘合,注意这里的3个g碱基是RNA碱基,而不是DNA碱基。这有利于引物与逆转录酶相结合,再进行延伸,把PCR扩增的上游引物序列也引入到逆转录产物中来

4. 在上、下游都引入了PCR引物序列之后,PCR可以高效进行。

5. PCR的产物进行建库,再深度测序。

结果:

1. 5’到3’的覆盖度均一度:


从上图可以看出覆盖的均一度较好,RNA-seq中常见的3’偏向性在10pg起始RNA的条件下也不明显。

2. 检测灵敏度


10pg的起始RNA,RPKM为10的基因,有76%的被检测到的比例。这也基本是检测灵敏度的中位值

3. 单个肿瘤细胞的检测


效果接近于20pg起始RNA的效果, 约8000个基因可以被检测到

4. 与大量RNA测序得到结果对比相关性


5. 举例说明测得的reads在一个长基因上的覆盖情况


RNA polymerase II alpha是一个长达14Kb的基因,含有27个外显子。上图显示了测到Reads在各个外显子上的覆盖情况。

结论

1. SMARTerRNA-seq方法是一个可行的单细胞RNA-seq测序方案。

参考虑资料:

Full-length mRNA-Seq fromsingle-cell levels of RNA and individual circulating tumor cells

Daniel Ramsköld, Shujun Luo等

Nature Biotechnology VOLUME 30NUMBER 8 AUGUST 2012

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    2014-05-18 yibei
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    2014-06-28 闆锋旦
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2036099, encodeId=4bda2036099cd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a1481643973' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SMART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16439, encryptionId=a1481643973, topicName=SMART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3d1e370, createdName=yibei, createdTime=Sun May 18 04:52:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1795302, encodeId=83231e9530227, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=248e1e1345b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#target#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17134, encryptionId=248e1e1345b, topicName=target)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8409354, createdName=闆锋旦, createdTime=Sat Jun 28 07:52:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1355846, encodeId=b8b8135584688, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b0702e84b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2784, encryptionId=b0702e84b9, topicName=ART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Tue Apr 08 10:52:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1388821, encodeId=f9431388821ae, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a75a1642585' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SMA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16425, encryptionId=a75a1642585, topicName=SMA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK17mLkWpia3T92NlEWTkEhrhZa7XPNic2JqQumEicZXGYFG6Ww5SCIl0Uq62bhhPnibAqIZDHtRva92A/132, createdBy=e0752500025, createdName=江川靖瑶, createdTime=Tue Apr 08 10:52:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1418914, encodeId=f5b514189149b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=abde36296f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#单细胞RNA测序#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36296, encryptionId=abde36296f5, topicName=单细胞RNA测序)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=eda53444564, createdName=wetgdt, createdTime=Tue Apr 08 10:52:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1516798, encodeId=999b1516e9890, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb451556289' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#RNA测序#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15562, encryptionId=eb451556289, topicName=RNA测序)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3b3411016716, createdName=ms24272190615788285182, createdTime=Tue Apr 08 10:52:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-04-08 zhaojie88
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    2014-04-08 江川靖瑶
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