Nature Communications:前列腺癌干细胞发生DNA重排导致癌症复发

2013-05-06 生物无忧 生物无忧

在一项新的研究中,英国约克大学科学家们发现促进前列腺癌产生的驱动力:从人前列腺癌中提取出的干细胞发生DNA重排(DNA re-alignment)从而诱导癌症产生.这就为开发出靶向前列腺癌干细胞(prostate cancer stem cell)的药物奠定基础,同时也有望开发出更加有效的疗法来抵抗这种疾病的根源.相关研究结果于2013年3月27日发表在Nature Communications期

在一项新的研究中,英国约克大学科学家们发现促进前列腺癌产生的驱动力:从人前列腺癌中提取出的干细胞发生DNA重排(DNA re-alignment)从而诱导癌症产生.这就为开发出靶向前列腺癌干细胞(prostate cancer stem cell)的药物奠定基础,同时也有望开发出更加有效的疗法来抵抗这种疾病的根源.相关研究结果于2013年3月27日发表在Nature Communications期刊上.

论文通信作者、约克大学癌症研究中心主任Norman Maitland教授和他的研究团队于2005年首次分离出前列腺癌干细胞.尽管癌症中其他的癌细胞能够被当前的疗法杀死,但是癌干细胞能够逃避这些疗法的作用,从而导致癌症复发.从那以后,该研究团队就一直在寻找是哪些分子让这些细胞扩散、存活以及抵抗诸如放疗和化疗之类的进取性治疗.

Maitland教授说,"这项发现标志着我们对实体瘤是如何开始产生的理解发生根本性转变.人们常认为作为疾病根源的癌干细胞是由于健康干细胞发生差错而产生的,比如某些控制机制被关闭从而允许这些细胞持续增殖,从而侵入周围的组织."

"诸如白血病之类的血癌中,DNA重排在染色体易位过程期间发生,从而导致促进癌症发展的蛋白突变体产生.尽管类似的重排最近已在实体瘤中发现过,但是在此之前,这些重排从不认为会在干细胞中发生.我们的这项研究挑战了这种看法."

在这项研究中,研究人员在前列腺癌干细胞中发现了这些异常的基因事件,即DNA重排,并且证实它们导致细胞内一种特异性的癌症相关基因ERG不适当地激活.他们认为这种激活触发这种癌干细胞更加频繁地自我更新.

Maitland教授继续说道,"这些癌干细胞不接受前列腺中存在的正常控制,变得非常自私:它们以牺牲周围的正常细胞为代价进行频繁地增殖,从而确保这些基因事件持续存在,并且代代相传.这种过程似乎是启动前列腺癌产生所必需的."

这项发现有助于人们更好地理解前列腺癌是如何发生的.人们如今可能能够通过特异性地靶向鉴定出的基因来开发出新的疗法以便杀死接受化疗后仍然存活下来的癌干细胞,同时不伤害健康的细胞

前列腺癌相关的拓展阅读:

Monoallelic expression of TMPRSS2/ERG in prostate cancer stem cells

Whilechromosomal translocations have a fundamental role in the development of several human leukaemias, their role in solid tumour development has been somewhat more controversial. Recently, it was shown that up to 80% of prostate tumours harbour at least one such gene fusion, and that the most common fusion event, between the prostate-specific TMPRSS2 gene and the ERG oncogene, is a critical, and probably early factor in prostate cancer development. Here we demonstrate the presence and expression of this significant chromosomal rearrangement in prostate cancer stem cells. Moreover, we show that in the prostate epithelial hierarchy from both normal and tumour tissues, TMPRSS2 transcription is subjected to tight monoallelic regulation, which is retained upon asymmetric division and relaxed during epithelial cell differentiation. The presence and expression of TMPRSS2/ERG in prostate stem cells would provide ERG-driven survival advantages, allowing maintenance of this mutated genotype.

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    2013-06-26 liye789132251
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    2013-05-24 liuli5079
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    2013-05-08 jambiya
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