3D打印模型指导下治疗复发性阴道侵袭性血管1例

2019-01-07 范文生 王楠 李震 现代妇产科进展

患者,女, 46 岁,因“阴道壁侵袭性血管黏液瘤二次切除 后 4 年复发”于 2017 年 7 月 17 日收入院。2012 年 11 月患 者曾行阴道壁肿物切除术( 阴道壁近阴道口处触及一约 4cm ×3cm 大包块

1 病例简介

患者,女, 46 岁,因“阴道壁侵袭性血管黏液瘤二次切除 后 4 年复发”于 2017 年 7 月 17 日收入院。2012 年 11 月患 者曾行阴道壁肿物切除术( 阴道壁近阴道口处触及一约 4cm ×3cm 大包块) ,病理回报: 侵袭性血管黏液瘤。2013 年 6 月 复发并再次手术,术中见肿瘤约 6cm×5cm 大,质软,部分呈 囊性,边界不清,最深处达骨盆,病理结果同前。2016 年 9 月 患者外阴酸胀不适,月经后阴道肿物较前增大,伴肛门不适 感。2017 年 6 月外阴肿物增至5cm×5cm 大,超声探及盆腔、 臀部及髂血管区巨大包块。入院查体: 左臀部压痛,可触及 直径约 5cm 质软肿物,界限不清,左侧阴道壁自穹窿至阴道 口可触及多个囊实性肿物融合为一体,阴道内部分质地较 软,膨出于阴道外部分质地较韧,活动差,与周围组织分界不 清。阴道窥诊:左侧阴道壁见肿物突出,直肠指诊:左侧直肠 壁突出,可触及囊性肿物,约 3cm×4cm 大。MRI 提示盆腔、 阴道壁、臀部均有异常信号灶,考虑肿瘤( 侵袭性血管黏液 瘤?) 复发可能性大。通过多排连续薄层螺旋 CT 获取盆腔病 灶信息( DICOM 数据) ,采用基于体素的重建方法,使用 3DDoCTor 软件进行整合重建,获得病灶三维数据图像( 图 1) , 并采用 3D 打印技术制作病灶模型提示: 三处病灶,融为一 体。经骨肿瘤科、普外科、血管外科等多学科联合会诊,拟通 过腹腔镜、阴道、臀部三处入路分别行病灶切除术。2017 年 8 月 30 日行腹腔镜联合阴式盆腔肿物切除术+臀部肿物切 除术,于左侧髂总动脉水平打开后腹膜,见肿物囊性,透明 样,肿物与膀胱及左侧髂内动脉、左侧子宫动脉关系密切,游 离左侧输尿管,电凝并切断左侧髂内动脉。小心沿肿物边缘 分离,肿物下方走行于左侧盆壁与膀胱之间,与盆壁及膀胱 之间界限清楚,继续向下走行于左侧盆壁与阴道壁之间,底部下降至左侧大阴唇,底部组织色白,似血管走形,与周围组 织边界欠清,超声刀锐性分离,边分离边牵拉至全部取出。 再次检查臀部仍可触及肿物,打开左侧盆壁肌层表面筋膜, 同时助手自臀部向盆腔方向挤压,于盆底肌肉间见一肿物, 性质同前,同法处理该肿物。标本取出送病理,术后病理回 报:盆腔会阴部及臀部侵袭性血管黏液瘤,切面灰白色,半透 明,部分呈胶冻样,质软,可见散在出血,肿瘤大小分别为 12cm×11cm× 3cm, 8cm× 7cm× 3cm。免疫组化结果: ER( + 70%) , PR( + 70%) , Ki-67( + < 1%) , CD34( 血管+) , S-100 ( -) , SMA( +)( 图 2、 3) 。患者好转出院后随访1 年至今,一 般情况良好,未见肿瘤复发。





2 讨 论

侵袭性血管黏液瘤( aggressive angiomyxoma,AAM) 由 Steeper 等首次报道,是一种罕见的软组织肿瘤,好发于女性, 多数生长于外阴、阴道等盆腔解剖部位。临床表现以肿块占 位及对邻近器官组织的压迫症状为主,目前病理学家对 AAM 的诊断标准已基本达成共识,即在镜检组织细胞形态 基础上、综合免疫组化情况确诊。AAM 的病灶往往呈胶冻 样,质地均匀,偶伴囊性变或出血等,与周围组织分界不清; 镜检病灶多为含有黏多糖的黏液状基质散布肿瘤细胞( 呈梭 形/星形) 。有报道其来源考虑为成肌纤维细胞、核分裂相少 见、基质中分布周径大小不一的血管等。目前关于 AAM 的 特异性免疫组化标记物学界存在一定分歧,多数 AAM 均表 达 Vimentin 和 Desmin。亦有文献提示, SMA、Actin、PR、 CDK4 和 MDM2 等阳性, S-100、 CK、 MyoD1、 CD117、 Myosin 和 EMA 阴性等。该病的治疗以手术为主。文献报道 AAM 有 局部侵袭性生长之特点,局部复发多见,其中约 70%为 3 年 内复发。本例患者两次手术后均出现复发,故此次手术计划 彻底切除肿瘤组织以防止复发。由于病灶涉及盆腔多个解 剖层次,且与髂血管、输尿管、膀胱和臀大肌等关系密切,故 采用 3D 打印模型技术进行指导,以切除全部病灶组织。 随着 CT、 SPECT 及 MRI 等影像技术的进步,在实施检查 过程中可供采集的解剖学信息越来越多、越来越详细。传统 的解剖横断面二维成像阅片方法对于病灶情况复杂、位置特殊的病例逐渐显现出弊端。3D 打印模型技术主要解决了将 采集到的多层影像数据整合重建的技术难题,与传统的 CT 三维重建比较, 3D 打印模型技术通过计算机建立以体元为 基础的三维空间,将获得的多幅二维图像嵌入到该空间中, 并将相邻切面的空隙进行像素插补、平滑,能够保留更多的 影像信息和数据量、并实现多技术重复处理; 在后期修复过 程中使用自动修复、法向及缝隙修复、孔修复等方法将误差 控制在 0.02mm 以内,并可实现 1: n 比例打印 3D 实物模型。 结合本例患者处置经验,笔者总结一方面在计算机完成 CT 影像的 3D 模型重建后,不仅能精确测量、记录相关参数,如 病灶体积大小、与周围临近器官组织的关系,可将病灶组织 轮廓准确勾勒,以提供更加直观的参考,精准预测病灶情况; 另一方面对于 AAM 等复杂病例,在 3D 打印模型指导下实施 多学科联合会诊,对手术入路、施术计划以及切除范围的探 讨更加有的放矢,并有利于不同专业的临床医师交流信息、 优化手术方案、精准切除病灶。文献中已有 3D 打印技术在 颅脑肿瘤、乳腺肿瘤、脊柱外科、血管外科等领域的应用报 道,未来 3D 打印技术的发展方向为将 CT、 MRI 等不同影像 学数据整合以提供更多的软组织和细微的血管结构信息,同 时进一步过滤图像伪影、提高图像信噪比等以提升成像精 度,最终达到个体化手术和精准医疗的目标。

参考文献略。

原始出处:

范文生,王楠,李震,王敏,叶明侠,杨雯,孟元光. 3D打印模型指导下治疗复发性阴道侵袭性血管1例[J]. 现代妇产科进展,2018,27(11):878-879.

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    2019-01-10 尹乔

    学习,感谢

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    2019-01-09 hb2008ye
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1909754, encodeId=a1b21909e5409, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8f1f42518d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#复发性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42518, encryptionId=8f1f42518d8, topicName=复发性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=hb2008ye, createdTime=Fri Jun 07 15:22:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=357768, encodeId=92b135e768ac, content=学习,感谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/07/28/dc0a622c5c75f55fb8c848c04ece3cdc.jpg, createdBy=916d2333311, createdName=尹乔, createdTime=Thu Jan 10 20:59:13 CST 2019, time=2019-01-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1336093, encodeId=a8c21336093b5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=792612047e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#3D#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1204, encryptionId=792612047e, topicName=3D)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=hb2008ye, createdTime=Wed Jan 09 11:22:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1366328, encodeId=954d136632823, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=186126998e2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#侵袭性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26998, encryptionId=186126998e2, topicName=侵袭性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1be8234, createdName=sunyl07, createdTime=Wed Jan 09 11:22:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1047661, encodeId=045e104e661f8, content=梅斯里提供了很多疾病的模型计算公式,赞一个!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Mon Jan 07 23:22:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-01-09 sunyl07
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1909754, encodeId=a1b21909e5409, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8f1f42518d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#复发性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42518, encryptionId=8f1f42518d8, topicName=复发性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=hb2008ye, createdTime=Fri Jun 07 15:22:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=357768, encodeId=92b135e768ac, content=学习,感谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/07/28/dc0a622c5c75f55fb8c848c04ece3cdc.jpg, createdBy=916d2333311, createdName=尹乔, createdTime=Thu Jan 10 20:59:13 CST 2019, time=2019-01-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1336093, encodeId=a8c21336093b5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=792612047e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#3D#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1204, encryptionId=792612047e, topicName=3D)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=hb2008ye, createdTime=Wed Jan 09 11:22:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1366328, encodeId=954d136632823, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=186126998e2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#侵袭性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26998, encryptionId=186126998e2, topicName=侵袭性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1be8234, createdName=sunyl07, createdTime=Wed Jan 09 11:22:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1047661, encodeId=045e104e661f8, content=梅斯里提供了很多疾病的模型计算公式,赞一个!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Mon Jan 07 23:22:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-01-07 CHANGE

    梅斯里提供了很多疾病的模型计算公式,赞一个!

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