JAMA Surgery:脑损伤的治疗指南并不能保证更好的结果

2015-07-30 崔倩 译 MedSci原创

二十年前,脑外伤基金会(Brain Trauma Foundation)公布了其第一套治疗创伤性脑损伤的指南。    如今,洛杉矶创伤协会--其中包括一些来自于加州大学洛杉矶分校的医生--已经发现按照这些准则行事并不一定能为患者提供更好的结果。    该研究报告通过同行评审在线发表在JAMA Surgery杂志上,该协会分析了所有的14个

二十年前,脑外伤基金会(Brain Trauma Foundation)公布了其第一套治疗创伤性脑损伤的指南。
    
如今,洛杉矶创伤协会--其中包括一些来自于加州大学洛杉矶分校的医生--已经发现按照这些准则行事并不一定能为患者提供更好的结果。
    
该研究报告通过同行评审在线发表在JAMA Surgery杂志上,该协会分析了所有的14个洛杉矶创伤中心从2009年到2010年的数据,并没有发现任何证据表明遵守准则可降低死亡率。
    
“在我们调整其他重要病人的特点后,患者可能死于创伤与医生按规定来为脑创伤患者做些什么,这两者之间没有直接的联系,”该研究报告的主要作者,加州大学洛杉矶分校的大卫·格芬医学院普外科住院医师Aaron Dawes博士说道。
    
该协会由来自加州大学洛杉矶分校和南加州大学卫生服务研究人员,以及创伤中心的代表和当地紧急医疗服务机构组成。
   
研究人员计算出了创伤中心使用准则多长时间,其中包括管理策略和使用微创手术的具体标准--颅内压监测和开颅手术。
    
颅内压监测包括在颅骨钻一个小孔,以便插入一个专门的设备,可以直接监视针对大脑的压力。该设备可以提醒医生在导致脑损伤和死亡之前提高颅内压。开颅手术切除的颅骨的一部分,可以用于帮助减轻这种压力或治疗颅内出血,如果不及时治疗这会引起颅内压增高,并可导致死亡。
    
研究人员分析了来自734名遭受严重脑外伤成年人的数据。他们发现:
    
 ·死于损伤的患者比例因医疗中心不同而变化,但介于20%到50%之间。
    
 ·风险调整后的死亡率--考虑到患者的年龄和其他医疗条件--介于24.3%至56.7%之间。
    
 ·只有46.1%的受伤患者根据指南需要颅内压监测,只有45.6%的受伤患者在手术过程中需要开颅。
    
 ·对于颅内压监测,遵守准则的医院介于9.6%至65.2%之间,开颅手术介于6.7%至76.2%之间。

“总体来说,接受指南建议的患者进行手术只有大约一半的时间--一些中心甚至更少,”Dawes说。“这告诉我们,我们需要做一些更好的工作来提供以证据为基础的护理,但它也表明,医院遵循的指南时间多久的格局似乎并没有与医院质量以及其他更有效的措施有关。”
     
“所有的医院都需要改进,但我们的研究结果表明,简单地让他们更加紧密的遵循指南不一定导致对患者更好的结果。”
     
研究人员认为,该研究强调了创伤基础准则的一个关键问题:他们仅注重颅内监测是否应该执行,而不是临床团队如何使用监视器提供的信息。
    
“举个例子,两个相同的患者的信息置于显示器中,”罗伯特·伍德·约翰逊基金会临床学者Dawes说。“但是,一个病人的医疗团队可能并不适用从监视器获得的信息--或者不能像其他的团队一样很好的使用。生硬的指标,如我们研究的,根本无法得到临床决策水平。”
    
这些发现已经促使协会成员重新评估他们如何对待脑外伤,这可能为洛杉矶患者带来更好的服务,Dawes说。
    
“形成这个协会,并在这些问题上共同努力,已经为整个县创造了质量改进的框架,”他说。“它的最重要的贡献是,整个创伤系统都开始讨论质量并如何提高它。”
    
这项研究有一定的局限性。它仅包括在洛杉矶最严重的创伤性脑损伤患者,所以结果可能不适用于其他地区或不太严重的伤害患者。此外,在一些医疗中心在数据收集和数据分析期间做法可能会改变。最后,在一些医院的样本量太小,无法做出特定的比较。
    
“尽管护理有所改善,但创伤性脑损伤造成的死亡率仍然在医院之间保持共性和可变性,”研究报告称。“我们的研究结果表明在两个[脑外伤基金会]的准则和风险调整后的死亡率之间没有联系,这表明措施的使用不应该作为医院质量的一个独立的标志。”

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    2016-01-29 chg121
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    2015-08-03 pine007

    好文

    0

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    2015-08-03 pine007

    好文

    0

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    2015-08-03 pine007

    好文

    0

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