HIV-1感染者抗逆转录病毒药物使用指南更新

2012-03-30 MedSci MedSci原创

  3月27日,美国卫生与公共服务部(DHHS)更新了1型人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV-1)感染成人和青少年使用抗逆转录病毒药物的指南。   该指南新增了HIV与老年患者及抗逆转录病毒药物费用2个章节。   对已有章节的重要更新   初治患者启动ART   所有的HIV感染者均应接受ART,建议级别根据治疗前的CD4细胞计数而有所不同,CD4计数越低,建议治疗的级别越强【CD4计数<35

  3月27日,美国卫生与公共服务部(DHHS)更新了1型人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV-1)感染成人和青少年使用抗逆转录病毒药物的指南。

  该指南新增了HIV与老年患者及抗逆转录病毒药物费用2个章节。

  对已有章节的重要更新

  初治患者启动ART

  所有的HIV感染者均应接受ART,建议级别根据治疗前的CD4细胞计数而有所不同,CD4计数越低,建议治疗的级别越强【CD4计数<350细胞/mm3(AI);CD4计数350~500(细胞/mm3) (AII);CD4计数>500(细胞/mm3) (BIII)】。

  不管CD4计数如何,强烈建议存在以下情况的个体启动ART:① 妊娠(AI)(详见围产期指南);②有艾滋病(AIDS)界定疾病(AIDS-defining illness)史(AII);③合并有HIV和乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染(AII)。

  有证据显示有效的ART治疗可以预防HIV感染者将其病毒传播给性伴侣。因此,对于存在HIV传播至性伴侣风险的患者,应接受ART【AI(异性伴侣)】或AIII(其他传播风险组)】。

  启用ART的患者应该愿意且能耐受(commit)治疗,应该了解治疗的益处和风险及依从性的重要性(AIII)。患者可能会选择推迟治疗,根据逐个病例及其临床和精神心理因素,医务人员可以选择推迟治疗。

  HIV感染妇女

  关于HIV感染妇女如何使用激素进行避孕,新指南提供了更全面的指导。讨论了复方口服避孕药与抗逆转录病毒药物间的相互作用,以及近期显示的激素避孕药使用与HIV感染和传播间潜在关联的数据。

  HIV感染合并丙型肝炎

  此章节的更新主要集中在:新批准的丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)NS3/4A蛋白酶抑制剂波普瑞韦(boceprevir)和替拉瑞韦(telaprevir),这些药物与ART间已知的相互作用,以及当前在HIV/HCV合并感染患者中开展的研究的中期结果。更新部分包括对合用HCV NS3/4A药物和ART的初步建议。

  HIV感染合并结核病

  此部分更新建议对诊断患有结核病(TB)且当前没有接受ART的HIV感染者启动ART。该建议是基于以下随机对照试验结果:治疗前CD4计数<50细胞/mm3的患者TB治疗2周内启动ART,以及TB治疗期间而非TB治疗后所显示的生存获益。所更新内容对证据及支持该证据的理由进行了更深入地讨论。

  专家的建议如下:

①CD计数<50细胞/mm3的患者,应在开始TB治疗2周内启动ART(AI);

② 对于CD4计数>50细胞/mm3并经临床评估患有严重临床疾病(包括Karnofsky 评分低,低体质指数,低血红蛋白,低白蛋白,器官系统功能障碍等),专家组建议在开始TB治疗2~4周内启动ART【建议级别:CD4计数50~200(细胞/mm3)(BI);CD4计数>200细胞/mm3(BIII)】;

③ 对于CD4计数>50细胞/mm3的其他患者,可以推迟启动ART,但应在TB治疗8~12周内启动【CD4计数50~500(细胞/mm3)(AI); CD4计数>500细胞/mm3(BIII)】。

  药物相互作用图表

  随着近期抗逆转录病毒药物与HIV感染患者常用的其他药物之间的药代动力学相互作用的数据,以及专家对合用这些药物的建议,这些药物相互作用图表有了更新。主要更新包括:

①关于利福布汀合用HIV蛋白酶抑制剂的剂量的建议有更改;

  ② 新建议不要将HIV蛋白酶抑制剂和非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂与利福喷汀合用;

  ③ 提供了更多有关波普瑞韦和替拉瑞韦与不同抗逆转录病毒药物间相互作用的信息,及相关建议;

④ 对于不同的利托那韦boosted蛋白酶抑制剂和羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A(HMG-C0A)还原酶抑制剂间的相互作用进行了更新。

  其他更新包括:继发HIV 传播的预防,及治疗目标、抗逆转录病毒初治患者的初始联合方案、HIV与使用违禁药品者、ART治疗依从性、抗逆转录病毒药物的不良反应及药物特征(少量更改)。

全文及报道链接:

Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents

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    2012-06-07 mjldent
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    2012-10-18 hxj0117
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