PLoS ONE:iPS细胞来源的心血管祖细胞治疗心血管疾病

2013-05-06 Beyond 生物谷

2012年11月24日 讯 /生物谷BIOON/ --近日,一研究团队发现了使活的功能性心脑血管内皮祖细胞(CPCs)得以识别和分离的表面标志物。该研究对阐述治疗相关的CPCs可以来源于诱导多能干细胞(iPS细胞)有重要意义。CPCs通常只在胎儿发育中被发现,可以成为所有不同的细胞类型,注射后可以集成融入到心脏肌肉组织中。 据估计,每年有1700万人死于心血管疾病。虽然死亡率有所下降,但心血管疾

2012年11月24日 讯 /生物谷BIOON/ --近日,一研究团队发现了使活的功能性心脑血管内皮祖细胞(CPCs)得以识别和分离的表面标志物。该研究对阐述治疗相关的CPCs可以来源于诱导多能干细胞(iPS细胞)有重要意义。CPCs通常只在胎儿发育中被发现,可以成为所有不同的细胞类型,注射后可以集成融入到心脏肌肉组织中。

据估计,每年有1700万人死于心血管疾病。虽然死亡率有所下降,但心血管疾病仍然是最常见的死亡原因。通常情况下,心血管疾病的原因是供应血液到心脏的冠状动脉被封闭。心肌细胞负责心脏收缩,心脏病发生后心肌细胞是不能够再生后的。细胞和组织的大量流失,并高度限制成年人的心的再生能力,导致整个身体的血液供应障碍,大大影响了病人的生活质量。恢复心脏攻击后心脏的功能,临床医生需要用成熟的心肌细胞取代受损细胞。
 
最近,研究人员已经成功地确定这种细胞在小鼠模型中。这项工作可以带来革命性的治疗心脏疾病。
 
该研究小组成功识别标记CPCs表面上的受体FLT1(VEGFR1)和FLT4(VEGFR3),这些细胞可以清楚地被识别,同时完全保留其生物学功能。这一发现使得科学家能分离临床有关的心血管功能祖细胞。
 
在寻找表面标记过程中,研究人员微阵列基因表达分析调查了心血管祖细胞。这些研究揭示了哪些基因在一个特定的时间点是活跃的。以现有的数据库中已知的细胞标记测序数据,对所得到的数据进行比较。

在能够识别和分离CPCs下,研究人员试图获得诱导多能干细胞(iPS细胞)。为了这个目的,他们使用日本科学家Shinya Yamanaka所采用的方法。这六年前出版的研究工作中,日本科学家证明了只有四种蛋白质负责细胞的胚胎状态。他将这四个基因导入细胞中,然后将细胞返回到胚胎状态。从这些iPS细胞中,科学家可以开发人体的所有细胞如肝细胞,神经细胞或心脏肌肉细胞。

在新研究中,研究人员使用被标记一个可见的绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的细胞,将这些小鼠细胞中四个基因重新编程,从而使得iPS细胞可以很容易识别。

在接下来的步骤中,研究人员在实验室中培养GFP标记的iPS细胞,在不同的条件下如各种生长因子培养细胞。Layland说:我们使用我们新成立的细胞表面标志物,可以检测和分离FLT1和FLT4阳性的CPCs。当我们体外培养小鼠离体的CPCs后,可以能像胚胎干细胞源性祖细胞那样发展成心脏肌肉细胞、内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞。
 
但是CPCs如何在生物体中发挥作用的呢?这些细胞能真正融入组织和再生心脏肌肉中吗?为了回答这些问题,科学家们注入了GFP标记的CPCs到活老鼠心脏中。28天后,研究人员分析了心脏组织,看到绿色荧光的细胞已经发展成为跳动的心脏肌肉细胞和心肌组织。

长期以来,研究人员试图刺激心脏肌肉细胞的再生。为了这个目的,他们注入干细胞或干细胞衍生的心肌细胞进入心脏。虽然大多数的研究发现,心脏功能有轻微改善,但在大多数情况下,细胞转化为心脏肌肉。

目前,研究人员正在专注于人iPS细胞的研究。如果可以证明心血管祖细胞可以来自人iPS细胞,有能力成为功能性的心脏肌肉,那么将更有效地治疗心脏病发作的病人。

心血管相关的拓展阅读:

Characterization and therapeutic potential of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells.
BACKGROUND
Cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) have been identified within the developing mouse heart and differentiating pluripotent stem cells by intracellular transcription factors Nkx2.5 and Islet 1 (Isl1). Study of endogenous and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived CPCs has been limited due to the lack of specific cell surface markers to isolate them and conditions for their in vitro expansion that maintain their multipotency.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
We sought to identify specific cell surface markers that label endogenous embryonic CPCs and validated these markers in iPSC-derived Isl1(+)/Nkx2.5(+) CPCs. We developed conditions that allow propagation and characterization of endogenous and iPSC-derived Isl1(+)/Nkx2.5(+) CPCs and protocols for their clonal expansion in vitro and transplantation in vivo. Transcriptome analysis of CPCs from differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells identified a panel of surface markers. Comparison of these markers as well as previously described surface markers revealed the combination of Flt1(+)/Flt4(+) best identified and facilitated enrichment for Isl1(+)/Nkx2.5(+) CPCs from embryonic hearts and differentiating iPSCs. Endogenous mouse and iPSC-derived Flt1(+)/Flt4(+) CPCs differentiated into all three cardiovascular lineages in vitro. Flt1(+)/Flt4(+) CPCs transplanted into left ventricles demonstrated robust engraftment and differentiation into mature cardiomyocytes (CMs).
CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE
The cell surface marker combination of Flt1 and Flt4 specifically identify and enrich for an endogenous and iPSC-derived Isl1(+)/Nkx2.5(+) CPC with trilineage cardiovascular potential in vitro and robust ability for engraftment and differentiation into morphologically and electrophysiologically mature adult CMs in vivo post transplantation into adult hearts.

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    2013-05-08 chengjn
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