《消化内镜多学科镇静课程》(MSCGE)

2012-07-16 吴莹莹 爱唯医学网

     关于消化内镜的新的多学科镇静指南详细介绍了程序镇静的各个基本要素,无论是对于住院医生还是高年资医生应该都很有帮助。完整版指南已发表在《胃肠病学》(Gastroenterology)2012年7月刊上。        指南制定委员会主席、John J. Vargo博士在

     关于消化内镜的新的多学科镇静指南详细介绍了程序镇静的各个基本要素,无论是对于住院医生还是高年资医生应该都很有帮助。完整版指南已发表在《胃肠病学》(Gastroenterology)2012年7月刊上。

       指南制定委员会主席、John J. Vargo博士在接受采访时说:“许多临床医生、教师和研究者都意识到,我们需要针对程序镇静制定出一个标准化的基于能力的详细教程。”他解释道,该教程的核心文件应该涉及程序镇静的各个方面,包括患者评估、相关药物的药理学特征以及患者苏醒参数。        

       Vargo博士说:“我们最好能为住院医生及其导师提供一个基于能力的程序镇静培训平台。”他指出,该教程还提供了机会让临床医生查阅信息以发现其程序镇静操作中有待改进的地方。“如今,医学是一门需要不断教育和学习的学科,所以这份文件对于高年资医生而言也很有价值。”
       并没有参与这份指南撰写的美国波士顿大学David R. Lichtenstein博士在接受采访时说:“镇静是决定消化内镜检查安全性和有效性的关键环节之一。”他指出:“镇静主要是为了减轻患者的焦虑和不适,从而提高内镜检查的耐受性和满意度。”然而,使用镇静也是有利有弊的。“使用镇静会推迟患者苏醒及出院的时间,增加患者出现心肺并发症的风险,也会增加内镜检查的总成本。”

       这份名为《消化内镜多学科镇静课程》(MSCGE)的指南是由美国肝病研究学会(AASLD)、美国胃肠病学院(ACG)、美国胃肠病学会(AGA)研究所以及美国消化内镜学会(ASGE)联合制定的。此外,美国消化科护士与助理协会也参与了指南的制定。该指南同步发表于《胃肠病学》、《美国胃肠病学杂志》(American Journal of Gastroenterology)、《消化内镜》(Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)和《肝病学》(Hepatology)杂志上,同时也在线发表于美国消化科护士与助理协会的网站上。 

     参与指南制定的几个学术团体将该教程分为了11个部分:镇静药理学、内镜镇静知情同意、围术期内镜程序评估、镇静水平、中度镇静特定药物给药培训、气道/复苏技术与并发症管理培训、麻醉师辅助内镜程序、术中监测、术后评估培训、针对妊娠期与哺乳期妇女的内镜程序,以及内镜镇静能力评估。 

     Lichtenstein博士说:“这份指南是多个学术团体基于循证发表研究和专家意见制定出的程序镇静最佳实践模式。对于临床消化科医生,MSCGE可以帮助其检验现有的知识储备和技术水平,从而及时填补可能存在的知识或技术缺口。对于尚在培训中的住院医生,这份指南则可以作为培训生及其导师的参考,确保其达到了培训及能力评估的目标。”

     Lichtenstein博士说,虽然部分患者可以在不接受镇静的情况下接受内镜检查,但在美国内镜操作大多都需要镇静和麻醉。这份指南希望能解决内镜镇静中的一些挑战。“我们所面临的最大困难就是如何针对个体患者和操作确定个性化的镇静水平,以及如何选择最恰当的人员来实施镇静以满足既要提高患者安全性和满意度又要节约财务支出的要求。”

       虽然存在这些挑战,但“在内镜操作中使用镇静,特别是在常规‘低风险’消化内镜中使用麻醉师和麻醉护士的做法在全球各地都越来越普遍”。他说:“采用麻醉服务可以实现深度镇静或全身麻醉,与通常只需在内镜医生的指导下由护士完成的程度较轻的‘中度镇静’相比,这需要更加严密的生理指标监测和更熟练的气道管理技巧。”

       那么内镜镇静的未来趋势是什么?关键问题是麻醉服务是否只应提供给存在绝对需求的高危患者。高危患者包括那些由于潜在物质滥用或存在气道高危因素因而预计其镇静效果不佳的患者。“对于低危患者,我们必须证明麻醉服务能给患者带来附加价值才有理由使用它。”临床实践中需要解答的问题包括:患者的满意度是否会提高?患者复诊接受监测检查的几率是否会更高?患者是否能更快苏醒,更早恢复到术前的活动水平?是否能提高我们内镜检查科的工作效率?完全不考虑由消化科医生来完成异丙酚给药吗?我们是否可以按照之前学会制定的指南对消化科医生加以培训重新考虑这种做法?Lichtenstein博士补充道:“随着镇静领域的知识进步,进一步的研究将会解答上述以及未来可能会出现的问题。”

       Vargo博士说:“我们会定期更新这份指南。如果文件内容维持不变,那么可能是我们还没有对患者或接受培训的医生进行评估。”随着镇静技术的不断发展,我们也会相应调整指南内容以反映恰当的技术和必备的能力。

       Vargo博士指出:“要评估这份指南的实施情况,途径之一便是通过制定该教程的几家学术团体的培训委员会来完成。这是一个很好的机会让我们了解到底还有什么地方存在需求。” Vargo博士补充道:“该教程还有一个重要方面就是我们试图把涉及程序镇静和消化内镜的所有相关学科都集合到一起。”消化科护士协会的参与特别有价值。“当我们在为患者实施镇静时,医生和护士其实是一个相互协作的团队,这份教程也体现了这一点。”

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    2012-07-18 huanbaofeng
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