中国疾控中心:密闭空间里空气净化器能显著降低污染

2017-01-08 央广网 央广网

持续不断的空气重污染天气不仅让雾霾笼罩下的人们呼吸困难,更叫人精神紧张。一时间,与雾霾有关的各路谣言四起,口罩、空气净化器等防霾物品也都纷纷热销到断货。昨天下午,国家卫生计生委召开媒体专题座谈会,向公众介绍了雾霾对健康的影响、雾霾防护常识等。究竟我们使用的口罩、空气净化器能否阻御雾霾?学校教室有必要安装空气净化器么?我们日常饮食如何搭配,能有效应对雾霾?雾霾和肺癌之间又有什么关系呢?国家卫生计生委

持续不断的空气重污染天气不仅让雾霾笼罩下的人们呼吸困难,更叫人精神紧张。一时间,与雾霾有关的各路谣言四起,口罩、空气净化器等防霾物品也都纷纷热销到断货。

昨天下午,国家卫生计生委召开媒体专题座谈会,向公众介绍了雾霾对健康的影响、雾霾防护常识等。

究竟我们使用的口罩、空气净化器能否阻御雾霾?学校教室有必要安装空气净化器么?我们日常饮食如何搭配,能有效应对雾霾?雾霾和肺癌之间又有什么关系呢?

国家卫生计生委宣传司司长毛群安表示,国家卫生计生委自2013年开始开展空气污染人群健康影响监测项目,对空气污染物对人群的健康风险进行长期连续的监测和风险评估。目前该项目已覆盖全国31个省份60个城市,设立了125个监测点。针对近期的雾霾天气监测的情况,近期我国北方主要城市空气污染物浓度比2013年同期有所减轻,监测的这些地方医疗机构就诊人数也没有发生较大变化。

在室内减少雾霾,消除PM2.5,空气净化器到底有没有作用?

中国疾控中心主任王宇表示,有一些能够去除PM2.5的净化器使用起来,在一般的日常密闭空间里还是能够显著降低污染的程度,一般能够降低50%-70%左右。对空气污染有很敏感的人群,比如有基础性疾病的,心血管、呼吸道、哮喘、体弱、年老的人群在室内达到PM2.5在75以下,就会很好地避免空气污染带来的一些健康问题。

王宇建议,现在市面上的空气净化器应该在它的箱体上明确有标识,标记出来产品是不是能够降低PM2.5。此外,我们居住的房间是30平米或者40平米的大小,多大功率的空气净化器适合?这些应该是在设备上有明确的提示。关于青少年在学校里的校舍是不是需要安装空气净化器的问题,王宇表示,在重污染的时候使用空气净化器对学生的健康是有好处的,但是在这个过程中应该有专业技术人员的指导。如果完全是高度密闭的一个空间,一个教室,单纯在室内安置空气净化器,虽然有可能对PM2.5这种污染物的滤过作用发挥了,但是室内的空气中氧的含量少,呼出来的二氧化碳的含量就会很高,这样对学生的身体也是不利的。如果有条件,应该适当地补充经过过滤的、经过洁净的新风,要有一定数量,这样使得儿童能够有足够新鲜的氧气使用,健康状况也就能够保障。

另外针对普通消费者使用具备PM2.5过滤功能的材质的口罩,王宇表示要注意口罩的清洁卫生。“一般来讲在正常情况下可以用一个星期左右,只要污染不是特别重。还要注意不能水洗,每次用完了之后在干净、干燥的地方放好,最好能放在塑料袋里,和干燥剂放在一起,让口罩能够使一个星期左右。”

雾霾天我们除了要做好物理防护,在饮食上也可以注意调节。


在北京中医医院院长刘清泉看来,“在雾霾天,容易诱发的是肺、呼吸道和精神因素,我们在日常的饮食中吃一些清肺、养肺的食品都比较好,比如萝卜、白菜,药食同源的百合,百合又具有让人心情愉快的作用,多进食这些食品,能够保证我们润肺、清肺,这样做就够了,没有必要过分地一到雾霾就想我们是不是吃点什么药,买点什么药,雾霾本来没有伤害,药把人伤了,这是很麻烦的事。”

关于雾霾和肺癌发病率的关系,专家表示,导致肺癌的因素很多。研究空气污染对肺癌的影响,它主要是慢性的、长期的效应,不是急性的、短期的效应,这需要十几二十年的观察。这也是为什么在当下,我们应该强调对雾霾的科学防护。

中国疾控中心环境所所长施小明指出,西方国家,无论是伦敦还是洛杉矶,他们在治理污染的时候都花了几十年,所以我们国家的治理不会在短期内一下子就没了。在这个背景之下怎么样能够尽量地减少对健康的影响,比如说关闭门窗能够减少30%的PM2.5,比如室外是400的时候,你家大概是300。用了空气净化器以后,室外是400的时候,你家里可能是100或者100多一点。无论如何,这些措施是有效的。

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    2017-01-10 zutt
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    2017-01-09 知难而进

    谢谢分享!!!!!!!!

    0