Brri J Clin Pharmaco:孕妇和哺乳期女性应被纳入研究还是沦为“治疗孤儿”?

2017-10-19 易湛苗,吴星 环球医学

2017年9月,发表在《Br J Clin Pharmacol》上的一项分析,探讨了孕妇和哺乳期妇女应被逐渐纳入临床试验的必要性,明确的表达了将孕妇和哺乳期妇女纳入的重要意义:其不仅会解决当前可用信息缺乏的现状,还可以改善妊娠期和哺乳期用药安全性和有效性的知识。

2017年9月,发表在《Br J Clin Pharmacol》上的一项分析,探讨了孕妇和哺乳期妇女应被逐渐纳入临床试验的必要性,明确的表达了将孕妇和哺乳期妇女纳入的重要意义:其不仅会解决当前可用信息缺乏的现状,还可以改善妊娠期和哺乳期用药安全性和有效性的知识。

由于历史上,孕妇和哺乳期妇女都被排除在临床试验外,因此她们已经成为治疗孤儿。多数获批药物的说明书并未提供妊娠期安全性和有效性的信息。数据的缺乏主要由于道德法律的挑战,这在后己烯雌酚和沙利度胺时代仍然根深蒂固,导致现在都通过药物警戒的视角在临床试验中观察妊娠期用药。鼓励和/或要求将孕妇或哺乳期妇女纳入进临床试验的政策考虑,会解决当前可用信息缺乏的现状。然而,还有其他额外的务实策略,如采用药物计量学工具和引入创新的临床试验设计等,可改善妊娠期和哺乳期用药安全性和有效性的知识。

将孕妇纳入临床试验,无论是在临床研究的试验设计还是操作层面,都是一种挑战。试验设计不应将妊娠认为是一个分类变量,而应为连续变量,从而获取妊娠期发生的所有生理变化。然而,由于药物计量学在妊娠和哺乳期女性的务实设计和数据分析中会发挥巨大的作用,因此研究者有机会更好地将药物计量学方法融入。

虽然近期已经引入了一些倡议,但是这些倡议都太新了,以至于不能确定这些倡议将如何影响临床实践。的确,仍然需要数年的时间积累有意义的信息量。同时,为了解决妊娠期和哺乳期女性的需求,必须要建立经过良好培训的研究者和专门从事产科临床药理学的临床队伍,并融入更多的务实研究实践,从而产生有意义的信息用于药物开发项目。这些倡议的组合有助于扩大产科临床研究,并将妊娠期和哺乳期有效安全用药的知识转化。

原始出处:Illamola SM, Bucci-Rechtweg C, Costantine MM, et al. Inclusion of pregnant and breastfeeding women in research - Efforts and Initiatives. Brri J Clin Pharmaco. 2017 Sep 19. 

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    2018-09-09 jj000001
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    2018-02-02 yb6560
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