Science:CRISPR技术进军出生后基因治疗,成功治愈杜氏肌肉营养不良症

2016-01-01 MedSci MedSci原创

红得发紫得基因编辑技术CRISPR再次取得新进展,科学家使用这种技术成功治疗了小鼠肌营养不良。三个小组今天在《科学》发表了使用CRISPR技术切除杜氏肌肉营养不良症有缺陷得基因,使这种有遗传病的动物制造出必需的肌肉蛋白。这是第一次成功使用CRISPR技术对遗传病动物出生后进行的基因治疗。杜氏肌营养不良是一种X染色体隐性遗传疾病,主要发生于男孩,这种疾病编码抗肌萎缩蛋白的基因缺陷,抗肌萎缩蛋白是维持

红得发紫得基因编辑技术CRISPR再次取得新进展,科学家使用这种技术成功治疗了小鼠肌营养不良。三个小组今天分别在《科学》发表(共三篇文章)了使用CRISPR技术切除杜氏肌肉营养不良症有缺陷得基因,使这种有遗传病的动物制造出必需的肌肉蛋白。这是第一次成功使用CRISPR技术对遗传病动物出生后进行的基因治疗。



杜氏肌营养不良是一种X染色体隐性遗传疾病,主要发生于男孩,这种疾病编码抗肌萎缩蛋白的基因缺陷,抗肌萎缩蛋白是维持肌肉纤维强度的必需分子。缺乏这种蛋白,肌肉和心脏肌肉会发生退化。杜氏肌肉营养不良症患者的典型病例会先失去行走能力,依靠轮椅生活,然后失去呼吸功能,依靠呼吸生存,大约在25岁左右死亡。

科学家一直没有发现有效治疗该疾病的方法,研究发现将肌肉干细胞输送到正确部位缓解该疾病发展是非常困难。传统的基因治疗用携带抗肌萎缩蛋白基因的病毒无法有效输送基因,因为抗肌萎缩蛋白基因非常大。一些给患者输入小分子抗肌萎缩蛋白基因的基因治疗能取得短期效果,缓解病情。也有公司开发绕过缺陷外显子化合物,使抗肌萎缩蛋白基因一个小分子的蛋白产物,这些药物虽然有一定临床治疗作用,但副作用太大,并没有获得监管机构认可。

CRISPR属于2015年年度突破进展,现在这个技术也进入肌肉营养不良症领域。CRISPR重复序列首先是在细菌的基因组中被发现的,基本功能是利用受感染病毒序列产生特异性清除病毒序列的机制,是细菌的一种免疫防御系统。当这些重复序列遇到病毒时,细菌能制造出与病毒序列互补的RNA序列,在这个序列引导下,用Cas核酸酶将病毒序列切除,中断病毒的复制。将引导RNA进行改造,科学家能操作Cas核酸酶定向对基因组的特定DNA序列进行切割。科学家已经使用CRISPR对某些人类和动物遗传病的细胞进行基因纠正,并用于成年小鼠肝病治疗。去年,科学家发现CRISPR能修改小鼠胚胎抗肌萎缩蛋白基因。

但是用CRISPR技术治疗已经出生的肌肉营养不良症患者似乎是不现实的。因为成熟肌肉细胞不能继续分裂,不存在修改基因需要的DNA修复机制。CRISPR能有选择地跳过错误外显子,让细胞表达小分子抗肌萎缩蛋白,实现类似绕过缺陷外显子化合物的治疗目的。

现在三个小组实现了这一目标,德克萨斯大学西南医学中心EricOlson小组研究生Chengzu Long使用腺病毒将携带编码CRISPR引导RNA和Cas9序列导入小鼠肌肉细胞内,这一CRISPR能切除肌肉细胞的错误外显子。治疗时采用直接肌肉注射或静脉注射的方法将携带CRISPR系统的病毒,使肌肉细胞能表达出小分子抗肌萎缩蛋白,治疗后动物肌肉强度明显增强。

杜克大学生物医学工程学者CharlesGersbach和哈佛大学干细胞学家Amy Wagers分别和哈佛和MIT学者CRISPR专家张锋合作完成,并分别报道了他们类似的研究结果。CRISPR的精确性也在研究中进行了评价,所有三组研究都没有发现这种技术因脱靶效应影响到其他基因。

Wagers小组发现,在肌肉干细胞内的抗肌萎缩蛋白缺陷基因也受到修复,这一结果非常重要,说明这种治疗不会随着这些成熟肌肉细胞的退化效果消失,因为这些干细胞能补充和代替这些退化的肌肉细胞。动物接受CRISPR治疗后肌肉强度并没有完全恢复到正常水平,说明这种治疗并不是治愈。不过Gersbach认为这种方法仍然存在改进的空间。Olson提出,大约80%的杜氏肌肉营养不良症患者将可能因为这种技术受益,但是开展临床研究仍需要等待数年。进入临床前需要进行大型动物实验,证明这种技术的安全性。

在2015年12月31日的《科学》(Science)上,三个独立研究小组提供了初步的研究证据表明,通过编辑一个与肌肉功能相关的基因,修复杜氏肌营养不良症小鼠的一些肌肉功能,可以治愈这一遗传性疾病。这标志着第一次在完全发育的活体哺乳动物中CRISPR采用一种有潜力转化为人类疗法的策略,成功治疗了一种遗传疾病。

杜氏肌营养不良症是由于机体生成dystrophin蛋白的能力出现问题而产生。Dystrophin是一条长蛋白质链,将肌纤维内部与其周围的支持结构绑定在一起。Dystrophin由一个包含79个外显子的基因所编码。如果有任何一个外显子发生破坏性突变,这一蛋白质链就无法构建起来。

没有dystrophin提供支持,肌肉往往会分解并慢慢退化。在每5,000名新生男婴中就有一人受累于杜氏肌营养不良症。大多数患者到10岁需要坐轮椅,他们在20多岁30出头就会死去。由于突变位于X染色体上,因此有两条X染色体的女童应该至少有一个功能性dystrophin基因拷贝。

来自杜克大学的研究人员过去曾利用CRISPR在来自杜氏肌营养不良症患者的培养细胞中纠正了遗传突变,其他实验室也在实验室环境中纠正了单细胞胚胎中的基因。但后者的方法当前被视为是不道德的,前者则在将处理细胞传送回肌肉组织方面面对许多的障碍。

另一种方法是通过一些基因治疗技术将CRISPR直接导入受累组织中,也面临着一些挑战,尤其是在传送方面。在第一项新研究中,杜克大学的研究人员通过采用一种非致病性载体——腺相关病毒(AAV)来传送这一基因编辑系统克服了其中的一些障碍。

Christopher Nelson等人将基因编辑工具包装到了AAV中。利用病毒来作为基因治疗的传送载体,研究人员会从病毒中除去所有有害的基因和复制基因。尽管早期的一些病毒类型因为各种原因,诸如整合到基因组中及引起一些问题或触发免疫应答,不能很好地起作用,AAV是迄今为止已证实特殊的一类病毒。许多人都受到这一病毒的感染,AAV不致病,却能够非常有效地进入到细胞中。

在美国AAV正用于许多晚期临床试验中,并被欧盟批准用于一种基因治疗药物中。由于存在不同版本的AAV倾向进入不同的组织,例如骨骼肌和心肌,因此研究人员可以全身递送它们。但总是会存在某个问题,对于杜克大学生物医学工程学副教授C.A. Gersbach而言是大小的问题。

Gersbach说:“AAV是一种真正的小病毒,而CRISPR相对较大。它根本不合适,因此我们仍然有个包装问题。”

解决方案来自麻省理工学院和哈佛大学Broad研究所的研究员张锋(Feng Zhang)。今年早些时候,张锋描述了来自一种不同细菌的CRISPR系统。在自然细菌免疫系统中,CRISPR发挥照片作用帮助鉴别靶DNA,Cas9是切割DNA链的那把刀。研究人员通常采用的大Cas9蛋白来自化脓性链球菌。在搜索了细菌王国后,张锋发现了小得多的金黄色葡萄球菌Cas9蛋白。

在这项研究中研究人员采用dystrophin基因一个外显子存在破坏性突变的小鼠模型开展了研究。他们重编程新CRISPR/Cas9系统剪掉了功能异常的外显子,机体的自然修复系统将基因的剩余部分连接在一起生成了缩短但具有功能的基因版本。

相比用功能基因拷贝替换功能失常的外显子更简单、更有效,仅除去薄弱环节将是在更大的患者群体中有效发挥作用的一种策略。

研究人员首先将治疗系统直接传送到成年小鼠的腿部肌肉中删除了23号外显子,恢复了功能性dystrophin并提高了肌力。他们随后将CRISPR/AAV8组合注入到了小鼠血液中以达到所有肌肉处。结果显示同样纠正了全身的肌肉,包括心肌——这是一个重大的胜利,因为心力衰竭往往是杜氏肌营养不良症患者死亡的原因。

在第二项研究中,德克萨斯大学西南医学中心的Chengzu Long和同事们利用了对肌肉具有高亲和力的AAV9,将CRISPR-Cas9编辑元件传送了同样的杜氏肌营养不良症小鼠模型中。他们首先确定了他们的基因编辑策略在小鼠卵子和精子细胞中起作用,发现它非常高效:在生殖细胞改造后80%的小鼠宝宝都显示缺失23号外显子,转而提供了这些动物中的dystrophin蛋白表达。

研究人员随后他们的策略应用于与临床更相关的体细胞基因编辑。在小鼠出生几天后,他们通过腹部、肌肉或眼睛后部注射,利用AAV9将这一编辑系统传送到了小鼠体内。尽管每种方法都具有其独特的益处并改善了肌肉功能,他们发现当直接进行肌肉注射时,dystrophin蛋白质水平最高。

在第三项研究中,哈佛大学的Mohammadsharif Tabebordbar等人,也利用CRISPR 和 AAV9编辑删除了23号外显子,发现相似地有益修复了肌肉功能。利用荧光标记物,研究小组分析了基因编辑系统对定位远离注射位点的卫星细胞的影响。他们发现,一些卫星肌管(肌细胞的“年轻阶段)已恢复表达dystrophin。因此作者们提出AAV-CRISPR或许能够在体内提供持续的遗传修复。

原始出处:

Christopher E. Nelson, Chady H. Hakim, David G. Ousterout, Pratiksha I. Thakore, Eirik A. Moreb, Ruth M. Castellanos Rivera, Sarina Madhavan, Xiufang Pan, F. Ann Ran, Winston X. Yan, Aravind Asokan, Feng Zhang, Dongsheng Duan, and Charles A. Gersbach.  In vivo genome editing improves muscle function in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Published online 31 December 2015 [DOI:10.1126/science.aad5143]

Chengzu Long, Leonela Amoasii, Alex A. Mireault, John R. McAnally, Hui Li, Efrain Sanchez-Ortiz, Samadrita Bhattacharyya, John M. Shelton, Rhonda Bassel-Duby, and Eric N. Olson.Postnatal genome editing partially restores dystrophin expression in a mouse model of muscular dystrophy. Science DOI: 10.1126/science.aad5725

    Mohammadsharif Tabebordbar, Kexian Zhu, Jason K. W. Cheng, Wei Leong Chew, Jeffrey J. Widrick, Winston X. Yan, Claire Maesner, Elizabeth Y. Wu, Ru Xiao, F. Ann Ran, Le Cong, Feng Zhang, Luk H. Vandenberghe, George M. Church, and Amy J. Wagers.
In vivo gene editing in dystrophic mouse muscle and muscle stem cells.Published online 31 December 2015 [DOI:10.1126/science.aad5177]

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createdTime=Sat Jan 02 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-04 坚强007

    SOD1,TDP43,FUS这些变异蛋白,到底谁是ALS元凶???

    0

  2. 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2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51244, encodeId=d61a5124446, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e5171668917, createdName=坚强007, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 18:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51098, encodeId=175051098c7, content=有意思, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRiaKicWybj5Q5KN7PWibALciaJ4W5bZwTlDSFRibFu87125pCq0IXePrC0mpbiasADRqL4NcjUoyQCT9De/0, createdBy=7c7e1636498, createdName=wzf990214, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), 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createdTime=Sat Jan 02 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-03 jasonuclear

    文章中有很多个中国人的名字

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51878, encodeId=0728518e825, content=SOD1,TDP43,FUS这些变异蛋白,到底谁是ALS元凶???, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=149, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e5171668917, createdName=坚强007, createdTime=Mon Jan 04 21:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51544, encodeId=4d8451544a0, content=文章中有很多个中国人的名字, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160515/IMG57380B859AD1F1019.jpg, createdBy=2c5c1621956, createdName=jasonuclear, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 22:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51372, 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2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51244, encodeId=d61a5124446, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e5171668917, createdName=坚强007, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 18:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51098, encodeId=175051098c7, content=有意思, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRiaKicWybj5Q5KN7PWibALciaJ4W5bZwTlDSFRibFu87125pCq0IXePrC0mpbiasADRqL4NcjUoyQCT9De/0, createdBy=7c7e1636498, createdName=wzf990214, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), 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createdTime=Sat Jan 02 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-03 lu2996

    基因治疗未来的研究方向

    0

  4. 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content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1618690, encodeId=ffc71618690f0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e798524076' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Crispr技术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5240, encryptionId=e798524076, topicName=Crispr技术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a49419938232, createdName=ms1779634646866130, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51244, encodeId=d61a5124446, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e5171668917, createdName=坚强007, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 18:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51098, encodeId=175051098c7, content=有意思, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRiaKicWybj5Q5KN7PWibALciaJ4W5bZwTlDSFRibFu87125pCq0IXePrC0mpbiasADRqL4NcjUoyQCT9De/0, createdBy=7c7e1636498, createdName=wzf990214, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), 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createdTime=Sat Jan 02 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-03 yuandd
  5. 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2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51244, encodeId=d61a5124446, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e5171668917, createdName=坚强007, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 18:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51098, encodeId=175051098c7, content=有意思, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRiaKicWybj5Q5KN7PWibALciaJ4W5bZwTlDSFRibFu87125pCq0IXePrC0mpbiasADRqL4NcjUoyQCT9De/0, createdBy=7c7e1636498, createdName=wzf990214, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), 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createdTime=Sat Jan 02 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-03 jichang
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51878, encodeId=0728518e825, content=SOD1,TDP43,FUS这些变异蛋白,到底谁是ALS元凶???, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=149, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e5171668917, createdName=坚强007, createdTime=Mon Jan 04 21:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51544, encodeId=4d8451544a0, content=文章中有很多个中国人的名字, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160515/IMG57380B859AD1F1019.jpg, createdBy=2c5c1621956, createdName=jasonuclear, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 22:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51372, encodeId=49d8513e2a0, content=基因治疗未来的研究方向, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c1b91651063, createdName=lu2996, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 08:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275846, encodeId=d8d312e58466b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=755d5211a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5211, encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375144, encodeId=2e4813e514478, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1618690, encodeId=ffc71618690f0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e798524076' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Crispr技术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5240, encryptionId=e798524076, topicName=Crispr技术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a49419938232, createdName=ms1779634646866130, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51244, encodeId=d61a5124446, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e5171668917, createdName=坚强007, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 18:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51098, encodeId=175051098c7, content=有意思, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRiaKicWybj5Q5KN7PWibALciaJ4W5bZwTlDSFRibFu87125pCq0IXePrC0mpbiasADRqL4NcjUoyQCT9De/0, createdBy=7c7e1636498, createdName=wzf990214, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51099, encodeId=a03d5109909, content=赞一个, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRiaKicWybj5Q5KN7PWibALciaJ4W5bZwTlDSFRibFu87125pCq0IXePrC0mpbiasADRqL4NcjUoyQCT9De/0, createdBy=7c7e1636498, createdName=wzf990214, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51100, encodeId=e84651100eb, content=不错哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRiaKicWybj5Q5KN7PWibALciaJ4W5bZwTlDSFRibFu87125pCq0IXePrC0mpbiasADRqL4NcjUoyQCT9De/0, createdBy=7c7e1636498, createdName=wzf990214, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51878, encodeId=0728518e825, content=SOD1,TDP43,FUS这些变异蛋白,到底谁是ALS元凶???, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=149, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e5171668917, createdName=坚强007, createdTime=Mon Jan 04 21:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51544, encodeId=4d8451544a0, content=文章中有很多个中国人的名字, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160515/IMG57380B859AD1F1019.jpg, createdBy=2c5c1621956, createdName=jasonuclear, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 22:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51372, encodeId=49d8513e2a0, content=基因治疗未来的研究方向, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c1b91651063, createdName=lu2996, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 08:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275846, encodeId=d8d312e58466b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=755d5211a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5211, encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375144, encodeId=2e4813e514478, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1618690, encodeId=ffc71618690f0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e798524076' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Crispr技术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5240, encryptionId=e798524076, topicName=Crispr技术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a49419938232, createdName=ms1779634646866130, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51244, encodeId=d61a5124446, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e5171668917, createdName=坚强007, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 18:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51098, encodeId=175051098c7, content=有意思, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRiaKicWybj5Q5KN7PWibALciaJ4W5bZwTlDSFRibFu87125pCq0IXePrC0mpbiasADRqL4NcjUoyQCT9De/0, createdBy=7c7e1636498, createdName=wzf990214, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51099, encodeId=a03d5109909, content=赞一个, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRiaKicWybj5Q5KN7PWibALciaJ4W5bZwTlDSFRibFu87125pCq0IXePrC0mpbiasADRqL4NcjUoyQCT9De/0, createdBy=7c7e1636498, createdName=wzf990214, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51100, encodeId=e84651100eb, content=不错哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRiaKicWybj5Q5KN7PWibALciaJ4W5bZwTlDSFRibFu87125pCq0IXePrC0mpbiasADRqL4NcjUoyQCT9De/0, createdBy=7c7e1636498, createdName=wzf990214, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-02 坚强007

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51878, encodeId=0728518e825, content=SOD1,TDP43,FUS这些变异蛋白,到底谁是ALS元凶???, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=149, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e5171668917, createdName=坚强007, createdTime=Mon Jan 04 21:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51544, encodeId=4d8451544a0, content=文章中有很多个中国人的名字, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160515/IMG57380B859AD1F1019.jpg, createdBy=2c5c1621956, createdName=jasonuclear, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 22:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51372, encodeId=49d8513e2a0, content=基因治疗未来的研究方向, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c1b91651063, createdName=lu2996, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 08:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275846, encodeId=d8d312e58466b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=755d5211a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5211, encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375144, encodeId=2e4813e514478, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1618690, encodeId=ffc71618690f0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e798524076' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Crispr技术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5240, encryptionId=e798524076, topicName=Crispr技术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a49419938232, createdName=ms1779634646866130, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51244, encodeId=d61a5124446, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e5171668917, createdName=坚强007, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 18:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51098, encodeId=175051098c7, content=有意思, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRiaKicWybj5Q5KN7PWibALciaJ4W5bZwTlDSFRibFu87125pCq0IXePrC0mpbiasADRqL4NcjUoyQCT9De/0, createdBy=7c7e1636498, createdName=wzf990214, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51099, encodeId=a03d5109909, content=赞一个, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRiaKicWybj5Q5KN7PWibALciaJ4W5bZwTlDSFRibFu87125pCq0IXePrC0mpbiasADRqL4NcjUoyQCT9De/0, createdBy=7c7e1636498, createdName=wzf990214, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51100, encodeId=e84651100eb, content=不错哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRiaKicWybj5Q5KN7PWibALciaJ4W5bZwTlDSFRibFu87125pCq0IXePrC0mpbiasADRqL4NcjUoyQCT9De/0, createdBy=7c7e1636498, createdName=wzf990214, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-02 wzf990214

    有意思

    0

  9. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51878, encodeId=0728518e825, content=SOD1,TDP43,FUS这些变异蛋白,到底谁是ALS元凶???, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=149, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e5171668917, createdName=坚强007, createdTime=Mon Jan 04 21:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51544, encodeId=4d8451544a0, content=文章中有很多个中国人的名字, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160515/IMG57380B859AD1F1019.jpg, createdBy=2c5c1621956, createdName=jasonuclear, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 22:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51372, encodeId=49d8513e2a0, content=基因治疗未来的研究方向, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c1b91651063, createdName=lu2996, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 08:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275846, encodeId=d8d312e58466b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=755d5211a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5211, encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375144, encodeId=2e4813e514478, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1618690, encodeId=ffc71618690f0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e798524076' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Crispr技术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5240, encryptionId=e798524076, topicName=Crispr技术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a49419938232, createdName=ms1779634646866130, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 06:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51244, encodeId=d61a5124446, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e5171668917, createdName=坚强007, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 18:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51098, encodeId=175051098c7, content=有意思, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRiaKicWybj5Q5KN7PWibALciaJ4W5bZwTlDSFRibFu87125pCq0IXePrC0mpbiasADRqL4NcjUoyQCT9De/0, createdBy=7c7e1636498, createdName=wzf990214, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51099, encodeId=a03d5109909, content=赞一个, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRiaKicWybj5Q5KN7PWibALciaJ4W5bZwTlDSFRibFu87125pCq0IXePrC0mpbiasADRqL4NcjUoyQCT9De/0, createdBy=7c7e1636498, createdName=wzf990214, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51100, encodeId=e84651100eb, content=不错哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRiaKicWybj5Q5KN7PWibALciaJ4W5bZwTlDSFRibFu87125pCq0IXePrC0mpbiasADRqL4NcjUoyQCT9De/0, createdBy=7c7e1636498, createdName=wzf990214, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-02 wzf990214

    赞一个

    0

  10. 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createdTime=Sat Jan 02 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-02 wzf990214

    不错哦

    0

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