Nat Commun:全面总结2型糖尿病基因组分析!

2018-07-31 Michael,Zoe 转化医学网

2型糖尿病(T2D)是人类非常常见的疾病。研究人员对全基因组关联研究(GWAS)进行了Meta-分析,在62,892例T2D病例和596,424例欧洲对照中存在约1600万个遗传变异。他们明确了与T2D相关的139种常见和4种罕见变体,其中42种(39种常见变异体和3种罕见变体)在先前的研究中并未发现。来自血液的基因表达数据与GWAS的结果整合明确了T2D的33个功能基因,其中3个可被批准的药物靶

2型糖尿病(T2D)是人类非常常见的疾病。研究人员对全基因组关联研究(GWAS)进行了Meta-分析,在62,892例T2D病例和596,424例欧洲对照中存在约1600万个遗传变异。他们明确了与T2D相关的139种常见和4种罕见变体,其中42种(39种常见变异体和3种罕见变体)在先前的研究中并未发现。来自血液的基因表达数据与GWAS的结果整合明确了T2D的33个功能基因,其中3个可被批准的药物靶向。该研究的最新成果发表于7月27日的《Nature Communications》。

2型糖尿病目前流行病及基因组研究现状

2型糖尿病(T2D)是一种常见疾病,其全球患病率从1980年的4.7%迅速增加到2014年的8.5%。它主要由胰岛素抵抗和或胰岛素分泌不足引起 。 使用连锁分析和候选基因方法的遗传研究已经发现了一组初始的T2D相关基因座。

在过去十年中,随着样本量的增加,全基因组关联研究(GWAS)在与T2D5,6相关的129个基因座中鉴定出144种遗传变异(不完全独立)。

尽管GWAS明确了大量T2D相关性基因变异,但相关的变异总体上只解释了T2D遗传性的一小部分(大约仅占10%)。这个众所周知的“缺失遗传性”问题可能是存在常见变异的原因,这些变异具有较小的遗传效应但并未被检测出。

罕见变异对常见疾病发生中遗传变异的遗传效应大小目前处于争论阶段,最近的一项研究表明罕见变异对T2D遗传性的贡献有限。此外,在理解GWAS确定的遗传基因座的调控机制方面取得了有限的进展。因此,这种疾病发展病因和遗传基础在很大程度上仍然有待挖掘。

最新全基因组分析结果——T2D研究新纪元

研究者在该Meta-分析中明确了139个常见变异和4个罕见T2D相关性变异。在139个常见基因座中包括了39个先前从未发现的T2D相关性变异。遗憾的是,研究者并没有在UKB发现性别及年龄差异性。

通过整合组学数据,研究者推断出了3种基因(CAMK1D,TP53INP1和ATP5G1)的遗传机制,该机制表明增强子 - 启动子与DNA甲基化的相互作用在介导遗传变异对T2D的影响中起重要作用。

这些发现为T2D的病因学提供了更深入的见解,并提出了未来功能研究的候选基因。此外,研究者表明T2D是一种多基因性状疾病,稀有和常见变异都有助于遗传变异,值得注意的是,稀有变异对T2D产生较大影响。

然而这项研究也存在许多局限性。首先,通过Meta-分析确定的SNP-T2D关联可能因成人的T1D(1型糖尿病)和潜伏性自身免疫性糖尿病的误诊而存在偏倚。其次,一些与T2D相关的SNP可能通过肥胖或血脂异常等介质赋予T2D风险。

此外,胰岛仅构成整个胰腺体积的1-2%,之前的研究揭示了T2D的胰岛特异性基因活性。因此,在使用GTExpancreas数据的SMR分析中,可能遗漏具有胰岛特异性转录或eQTL效应的基因。

尽管存在这些局限性,该研究强调了整合多个组学数据以识别功能基因和由局部遗传变异驱动的推定调控机制的益处。综合组学数据分析的未来应用有望提高医学界对T2D及其他常见疾病的理解。

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    2018-10-03 liye789132251
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    2019-01-10 liuli5079
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    2018-07-31 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

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    2018-07-31 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了,长知识

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