Lancet:ACEI和ARB类降压药应用于糖尿病合并肾病患者,高收益与大风险并存(网状荟萃分析)

2015-05-27 Liang Huaibin 译 MedSci原创

对于既患有糖尿病又患有肾脏疾病患者群体,要想有效控制患者血压水平,既要考虑到降压药物的疗效,又要兼顾药物的安全性。降压药物的优化选择是个不小的问题,Lancet杂志最近刊登了一项网状荟萃分析,企图通过大样本的药物疗效和安全性的数据信息挖掘最优的用药决策。研究者检索了截止至2014年1月,电子数据库(the Cochrane Collaboration, Medline, and Embase)里的

对于既患有糖尿病又患有肾脏疾病患者群体,要想有效控制患者血压水平,既要考虑到降压药物的疗效,又要兼顾药物的安全性。降压药物的优化选择是个不小的问题,Lancet杂志最近刊登了一项网状荟萃分析,企图通过大样本的药物疗效和安全性的数据信息挖掘最优的用药决策。

研究者检索了截止至2014年1月,电子数据库(the Cochrane Collaboration, Medline, and Embase)里的评估糖尿病合并肾病患者降压药物疗效的随机化研究。研究对象为同时患有糖尿病和肾脏疾病的成人,干预方式为不同的口服降压药。主要观察终点是全因死亡率和终末期肾脏病发病率。此外,还评估了安全性指标和心血管预后情况作为次要观察终点。研究者通过随机效应模型来进行网络Meta分析。上述指标以OR 值或SMD的形式表示,并有95%可信区间。研究者将所有药物相对于安慰剂的降压效果以“累积排序概率图下面积”(surface under the cumulative ranking, SUCRA )的方式计算,得到排序结果。

最终,研究者纳入了153个研究,受试人群达43256人。大多数患者是同时患有2型糖尿病和慢性肾脏病。研究发现:和安慰剂相比,没有任何给药方案能够降低全因死亡率。然而,研究者还发现和安慰剂相比,使用ARB和ACEI双抗方案能够显著降低终末期肾脏病患病率(OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.43–0.90),单纯使用ARB后,终末期肾脏病患病率也能明显降低(0•77, 0•65–0•92)。任一给药方案均未观察到会显著增加高钾血症和急性肾损害的发生率。研究者坦承:在所有的干预方案中,ACEI和ARB联合治疗,在上述两个不良事件上的安全性指标排名最靠后,这是基于网状Meta分析发现双抗方案后不良事件发生率有着临界性的升高:高钾血症比值比OR=2.69 (95%CI:0.97-7.47),急性肾损伤OR=2.69 (95%CI:0.98-7.38)。

研究者说:没有什么抗高血压给药方案能够有效延长同时患有糖尿病和肾脏病的患者的生存期(均不能降低病人的全因死亡率)。ACEI和ARB类药物,不管是联合使用还是单独使用,都是最有效的延缓和减少终末期肾脏病发生的药物。此外医生还要注意,联合使用ACEI和ARB时的收益和风险需要慎重评估,因为其在所有抗高血压药物中也最可能导致高钾血症和急性肾损伤的发生。

原始出处:

Palmer, Suetonia C et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of blood pressure-lowering agents in adults with diabetes and kidney disease: a network meta-analysis  The Lancet , Volume 385 , Issue 9982 , 2047 - 2056

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    2016-03-04 shanyongle
  3. 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  4. 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    2015-07-29 sundong

    除非心衰或者尿蛋白定量大于6,否则一般不敢连用

    0

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  6. 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    2015-07-16 bboo

    面纱还是掩盖着

    0

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    2015-06-25 nizongzan

    希望延缓肾损失

    0

  8. 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    2015-06-25 nizongzan

    无奈

    0

  9. 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    2015-06-25 nizongzan

    我一直arb

    0

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