HEMATOLOGICAL ONCOLOGY:支气管镜检查对新诊断的急性白血病患者的应用

2021-11-16 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

支气管镜检查对新诊断的AL患者的诊断效果有限,可以在不影响患者结果的情况下推迟支气管镜检查。

肺部并发症是接受强化和非强化治疗的急性白血病患者发病和死亡的常见原因。鉴定致原微生物,允许量身定制的抗菌治疗已被证明可以提高血液恶性肿瘤患者的生存率。然而,关于支气管镜联合支气管肺泡灌洗(BAL)诊断AL患者的数据有限。

一回顾性研究报告了70例在2010年1月1日-2016年7月1日期间接受住院支气管镜合并BAL的新诊断成人AL患者(中位年龄57岁)的住院经验。在这段时间内,估计有1500名新的AL患者入院。来自BAL液的微生物学研究以及那些在支气管镜检查前获得的微生物学研究被回顾感染性疾病医师(ML)划分为临床显著或不显著。

急性髓系白血病是最常见的诊断(=63,90.0%),其次是急性淋巴细胞白血病(=5,7.1%)和急性早幼粒细胞白血病(=2,2.9%)。54例患者接受强化化疗,32例患者多采用阿糖胞苷和蒽环类药物“7+3”方案。另外15例患者使用7+3骨干进行临床试验治疗,2例患者因高危APL接受ATRA+7+4治疗。12例患者接受地他滨非强化治疗,其中2例采用地他滨骨干。4名患者在接受治疗前死亡。

26例(37.1%)患者在支气管镜检查前的血液、尿液、痰液或鼻咽部样本中发现了具有临床意义的微生物。31例(44.3%)的BAL研究呈阳性,定义为在细菌或真菌的BAL培养中生长,或在BAL液中进行的病毒PCR研究呈阳性。12例患者在BAL液中发现了多种微生物。在BAL研究中发现的最常见的致病微生物是非流感上呼吸道病毒(n=8)、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(n=2)、曲霉种(n=2)和嗜麦芽窄营养单胞菌(n=2)。

为了确定支气管镜检查是否发现了在术前研究中未发现的新感染,他们回顾了之前的检测和培养结果。在17例有临床显著性BAL研究的患者中,有10例(14.3%的研究人群)发现了新的病原体,而其余7例患者的BAL发现了先前已知的病原体。新感染包括鼻病毒/肠病毒(n=3)、嗜麦芽链球菌(n=2)、曲霉种(n=2)、铜绿假单胞菌(n=1)、乙型流感(n=1)和克鲁氏念珠菌(n=1)

通过判断BAL结果是否改变了抗菌治疗来推测BAL结果是否改变了针对特定病原体的抗菌治疗。大多数(74.3%)患者继续使用广谱抗菌素,包括16例BAL研究阳性和术后抗生素没有改变的患者抗菌素改变在18例支气管镜检查后(研究人口的25.7%),大多数变化都是基于经验,而不是基于BAL结果。只确定了8例患者(占整个队列的11.43%),他们开始了一种新的抗菌治疗,以提供对经bal确定的病原体的覆盖。在5例(7.14%的研究人群)中,BAL数据提供了唯一的感染证据。这些感染包括克鲁塞菌、烟曲霉、B型流感、嗜麦芽窄养单胞菌和铜绿假单胞菌。

为了评估患者特征与支气管镜检查结果之间的关系,进行了单变量logistic回归模型,并计算了优势比、95%CI和p值。发现临床显著性p<0.05)与临床变量(包括年龄、性别、吸烟、造血细胞移植特异性共病指数、白血病诊断、治疗方案、初始血液学参数、发热或中性粒细胞减少持续时间、术前抗生素治疗时间、支气管镜检查前48小时内异常胸部成像或通气支持之间没有显著关联(定义为p<0.05)

同样,在Cox比例风险模型分析中,临床显著的BAL结果与30天生存期或总生存期之间没有相关性。新诊断患者和免疫功能低下的患者的感染因子谱和经验性抗菌素的使用可能有所不同。此外,在使用现代唑类抗真菌药物前,AL中侵袭性真菌感染的发生率明显较高。

总之,他们发现支气管镜检查对新诊断的AL患者的诊断效果有限。这些结果表明,可以在不影响患者结果的情况下推迟支气管镜检查。在某些情况下,支气管镜检查的产量可能更高,而仅通过BAL确定的可治疗感染的个体患者可能获得显著益处。要最终决定支气管镜检查是否对助于管理任何患者有用,需要治疗血液学家、肺科医生和传染病医生之间的跨学科讨论。

 

原始出处:

Koenig KL,Curley TP,Mani S,et al.Diagnostic utility of bronchoscopy in newly diagnosed acute leukemia patients.[J].Hematol Oncol,1970.

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    2022-03-05 minlingfeng
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1892282, encodeId=d67818922829f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b445e1232d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#支气管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=57123, encryptionId=1b445e1232d, topicName=支气管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f503121, createdName=zjubiostat, createdTime=Mon Jul 11 06:17:10 CST 2022, time=2022-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1866351, encodeId=53891866351ae, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16ce133504e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oncol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13350, encryptionId=16ce133504e, topicName=Oncol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 14:17:10 CST 2022, time=2022-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1937066, encodeId=0a96193e0669e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f1fd5e1751e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#支气管镜检查#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=57175, encryptionId=f1fd5e1751e, topicName=支气管镜检查)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b3ad2500191, createdName=12498dd9m11暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Sep 02 17:17:10 CST 2022, time=2022-09-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1915319, encodeId=8d08191531948, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e381586e94d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新诊断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58679, encryptionId=e381586e94d, topicName=新诊断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8b48400, createdName=rgjl, createdTime=Mon Aug 15 12:17:10 CST 2022, time=2022-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1674504, encodeId=3cf116e4504b8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e8aa13359b1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oncology#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13359, encryptionId=e8aa13359b1, topicName=Oncology)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cb7226973259, createdName=circumcision, createdTime=Mon Apr 25 15:17:10 CST 2022, time=2022-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1070916, encodeId=56e810e09160b, content=帮, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1d8f1319483, createdName=genglihui01, createdTime=Tue Nov 16 22:15:13 CST 2021, time=2021-11-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1317667, encodeId=63d0131e667c5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=74916e0414' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EMA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6704, encryptionId=74916e0414, topicName=EMA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a35a460, createdName=fengyi812, createdTime=Tue Nov 16 06:17:10 CST 2021, time=2021-11-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1372065, encodeId=640a13e206550, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=96965e171e8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#支气管镜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=57171, encryptionId=96965e171e8, topicName=支气管镜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ff98335, createdName=liuyiping, createdTime=Tue Nov 16 06:17:10 CST 2021, time=2021-11-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-08-15 rgjl
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    2021-11-16 genglihui01

    0

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    2021-11-16 fengyi812
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