Blood:IL-18和细胞毒性损伤是病毒诱导性超级炎症的相互独立又协同作用的驱动因素

2020-07-03 QQY MedSci原创

IL-18通过放大CD8 T细胞反应和促进IFNg过表达介导病毒诱导性的超级炎症;细胞毒性损伤和过来IL-18协同导致自发性超级炎症。

噬血淋巴细胞增多症(HLH)和巨噬细胞活化综合症(MAS)是威胁生命的超炎症综合症,通常分别与基础血液病和风湿病相关。家族性HLH与遗传细胞毒性损害有关,与抗原提呈过多有关。

在MAS患者中可特异性的观察到血清白细胞介素(IL)-18极度升高,使其有望成为MAS的治疗靶标,但IL-18如何促进超级炎症仍然未知。

在佐剂诱导的MAS模型中,过量的IL-18可促进免疫病理学,但穿孔素缺乏无此效应。为了确定过量的IL-18对病毒诱导性免疫病理的影响,Paul Tsoukas等人用淋巴细胞性脉络膜脑膜炎病毒(LCMV,阿姆斯特朗)感染了Il18转基因(Il18tg)小鼠。

在野生型(WT)小鼠中,LCMV感染是自限性的(即可自愈),但Prf1-/-小鼠中,会表现为长期病毒血症和致命的HLH。

LCMV感染的Il18-转基因小鼠发生了恶病质和超级炎症,与Prf1-/-小鼠类似,虽然死亡率较低。与Prf1-/-小鼠一样,CD8耗竭或干扰素-γ(IFNg)阻断在很大程度上挽救了免疫病理;与Prf1-/-小鼠不同的是,Il18tg小鼠具有正常的靶细胞杀伤力和病毒RNA/抗原清除力。

过量的IL-8会作用于T淋巴细胞放大它们的炎性反应,而不是损害细胞毒性。令人意外的是,穿孔素缺乏加上转基因IL-8产生可引发以CD8 T细胞扩增为特征的自发性的超级炎症,IFNg阻断可改善这种反应。即使是Il18tg;prf1-单倍体小鼠也表现出了超级炎症性特征。

综上所述,过量的IL-18可通过一种不同于细胞毒性损伤并与之协同的自身炎症机制促进超级炎症。本研究数据显示IL-18是致命的先天性适应性超级炎症的一种潜在的、独立的、可改变的驱动因素,支持了一种IL-18驱动的超级炎症亚类的基本原理。

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    2021-04-29 wgx306
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    2020-07-05 jjjiang0202
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    2020-07-05 wangbingxhy

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