Front Immunol:313例捷克IgA肾病患者肾移植后的转归

2022-01-30 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

IgA肾病(IgAN)是最常见的原发性肾小球肾炎,在确诊后20-30年内有30%-50%的患者可能导致终末期肾病。

IgA肾病(IgAN)是最常见的原发性肾小球肾炎,在确诊后20-30年内有30%-50%的患者可能导致终末期肾病。IgAN的诊断需要评估肾活检标本和发现IgA免疫沉积。IgAN的发生有多个病理生理过程,首先产生半乳糖缺乏的IgA1和相应的自身抗体,这些抗体驱动致病免疫复合物的产生,并与遗传和环境因素有关。预测不良预后的临床危险因素包括平均蛋白尿、高血压、估计肾小球滤过率(EGFR)降低,以及以牛津分级(MEST-C评分)(为特征的组织学病变。在决定使用推荐的RAS阻断之外的其他治疗方案时,应在诱导临床缓解、减少蛋白尿、血尿、不进一步降低GFR的情况下稳定肾功能,以及降低使用皮质类固醇和其他类型的免疫抑制剂等可能发生的不良事件的风险。因此,需要在个别情况下考虑风险和收益。对有进展风险的IgAN患者及早开始免疫抑制治疗可能会减缓进展为终末期肾病的速度。几种治疗IgAN患者的新疗法目前正在临床试验中进行评估。

肾移植后IgA肾病(IgAN)的复发率为20-35%。本研究的主要目的是探讨影响自体肾活检和肾移植术后IgAN病程的危险因素。

我们对313例IgAN患者进行了长达36年的随访,评估了自体肾活检时和肾移植后的临床参数和组织学结果。采用系统聚类法,将50例肾移植失败患者按平均肾移植至移植失败时间(11.2年与6.1年)分为两组。移植失败时间与自肾活检至终末期肾病的时间(5.9年对0.4年)有很好的对应关系。体重指数、蛋白尿、镜检血尿、肾纤维化组织学评价、肾活检时的新月数是区分两组的主要变量。

我们评估了313例肾活检组织学诊断为IgAN的患者,这些患者后来接受了肾移植。这些患者中有44名(14%)在移植中出现IgAN的组织学复发。除IgAN复发患者年龄较小外,未发现其他预测IgAN复发的因素[受者性别、供者年龄、供者性别、再次移植、活体供者、群体反应性抗体峰值(PRA)、HLA不匹配、透析年限(透析时间)等]。与未复发的IgAN患者相比,组织学诊断为IgAN复发的患者的十年肾脏存活率显著降低。23例IgAN复发患者移植失败(52.3%)。移植失败的主要原因为IgAN复发(n=17)、IgAN合并ABMR复发(n=2)、TCMR(n=3)和混合性排斥反应(n=1)。在无组织学复发的患者中,35例移植失败(13%)。移植物丢失的主要原因是排斥反应(ABMR 11例,TCMR 2例,混合性排斥2例),感染6例,移植后早期手术并发症5例,慢性移植物肾病4例,心肾综合征2例。44例复发IgAN患者中有29例(65.9%)出现红细胞尿。因此,34%的复发IgAN患者未观察到红细胞尿(>10个红细胞/1µl尿沉渣),而红细胞尿(>10个红细胞/1µl尿沉渣)在有天然肾脏的IgAN患者中很常见。组织学证实复发IgAN并镜检血尿的患者与复发IgAN但无镜检血尿的患者相比,肾脏十年存活率较差。多因素Cox回归分析显示,肾移植供者年龄较高、IgAN组织学复发、抗体介导的排斥反应、肾移植后1年内出现镜检性血尿和蛋白尿也与移植物存活率较差有关。

表1 对313例组织学诊断为IgAN的捷克患者进行评价(其中30例为二次肾移植,3例为三次肾移植)。

图 1 | (A)总队列(对数秩 p 值 p < 0.0001)和(B)仅在接受第一次移植的受者(对数秩 p 值 p < 0.0001)中,有/无 IgAN 组织学复发的患者的死亡审查移植物存活率.

图 2 | IgAN 组织学复发伴/不伴镜下血尿患者的死亡审查移植物存活率。患有 reIgAN 和镜下血尿的患者移植物存活率较差(对数秩 p 值 = 0.036)。 ERY,镜下血尿; reIgAN,IgAN复发。

图 3 | 6 名重复移植患者的 (A) 移植失败和 (B) 红细胞尿的时间。第二次移植后的患者出现移植失败的时间较短(p = 0.031),出现红细胞尿的时间也没有显着差异(p = 0.094)。通过 Wilcoxon 符号秩检验计算差异。

结论:在一组313例接受肾移植的捷克IgAN患者中,镜下血尿伴组织学证实的IgAN复发预示着肾脏生存不良(p < 0.001)。女性移植受者的肾功能明显改善。我们确认较高的BMI、男性、临床活动(蛋白尿、红细胞尿症)和组织学结果,包括新月和增大的间质纤维化,是IgAN患者进行性肾功能丧失的危险因素。此外,肾供体年龄越大,IgAN患者的移植肾生存预后越差。

原文出处:Maixnerova D,  Hruba P,  Neprasova M,et al.Outcome of 313 Czech Patients With IgA Nephropathy After Renal Transplantation.Front Immunol 2021;12

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1808956, encodeId=3bf0180895661, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8dcb826216c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾移植后#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82621, encryptionId=8dcb826216c, topicName=肾移植后)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aae2431, createdName=venlin, createdTime=Thu Apr 21 18:33:23 CST 2022, time=2022-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2028111, encodeId=6e3b2028111a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=99ff9483cd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#IgA肾病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9483, encryptionId=99ff9483cd, topicName=IgA肾病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0ee7414, createdName=lanyan20020086, createdTime=Mon Aug 08 17:33:23 CST 2022, time=2022-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2025926, encodeId=7e5e20259268d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a91d82583bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82583, encryptionId=a91d82583bf, topicName=肾病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=db5b227, createdName=gostraight, createdTime=Tue May 31 14:33:23 CST 2022, time=2022-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1191200, encodeId=2f431191200dd, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=89ae6481716, createdName=ms3000000637975859, createdTime=Tue Feb 08 20:50:37 CST 2022, time=2022-02-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1190862, encodeId=4dc91190862f3, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b7336458724, createdName=ms7000000042787884, createdTime=Mon Feb 07 23:00:22 CST 2022, time=2022-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1190000, encodeId=0df5119000028, content=( ˃̶̤́ ꒳ ˂̶̤̀ ), beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211225/717112a900ad4bfcba1d6a36b3a61357/251acdeb515d4c43a7061d446138851e.jpg, createdBy=dbdc6411707, createdName=虢, createdTime=Thu Feb 03 20:18:42 CST 2022, time=2022-02-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1414617, encodeId=8ec9141461e29, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c83e94827d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#IgA肾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9482, encryptionId=c83e94827d, topicName=IgA肾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cd7c3073380, createdName=huiwelcome, createdTime=Tue Feb 01 14:33:23 CST 2022, time=2022-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1503981, encodeId=2abf150398158, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=641d94e7eb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#IgA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9477, encryptionId=641d94e7eb, topicName=IgA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c23f9697922, createdName=yibei, createdTime=Tue Feb 01 14:33:23 CST 2022, time=2022-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-02-08 ms3000000637975859

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1808956, encodeId=3bf0180895661, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8dcb826216c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾移植后#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82621, encryptionId=8dcb826216c, topicName=肾移植后)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aae2431, createdName=venlin, createdTime=Thu Apr 21 18:33:23 CST 2022, time=2022-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2028111, encodeId=6e3b2028111a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=99ff9483cd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#IgA肾病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9483, encryptionId=99ff9483cd, topicName=IgA肾病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0ee7414, createdName=lanyan20020086, createdTime=Mon Aug 08 17:33:23 CST 2022, time=2022-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2025926, encodeId=7e5e20259268d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a91d82583bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82583, encryptionId=a91d82583bf, topicName=肾病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=db5b227, createdName=gostraight, createdTime=Tue May 31 14:33:23 CST 2022, time=2022-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1191200, encodeId=2f431191200dd, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=89ae6481716, createdName=ms3000000637975859, createdTime=Tue Feb 08 20:50:37 CST 2022, time=2022-02-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1190862, encodeId=4dc91190862f3, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b7336458724, createdName=ms7000000042787884, createdTime=Mon Feb 07 23:00:22 CST 2022, time=2022-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1190000, encodeId=0df5119000028, content=( ˃̶̤́ ꒳ ˂̶̤̀ ), beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211225/717112a900ad4bfcba1d6a36b3a61357/251acdeb515d4c43a7061d446138851e.jpg, createdBy=dbdc6411707, createdName=虢, createdTime=Thu Feb 03 20:18:42 CST 2022, time=2022-02-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1414617, encodeId=8ec9141461e29, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c83e94827d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#IgA肾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9482, encryptionId=c83e94827d, topicName=IgA肾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cd7c3073380, createdName=huiwelcome, createdTime=Tue Feb 01 14:33:23 CST 2022, time=2022-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1503981, encodeId=2abf150398158, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=641d94e7eb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#IgA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9477, encryptionId=641d94e7eb, topicName=IgA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c23f9697922, createdName=yibei, createdTime=Tue Feb 01 14:33:23 CST 2022, time=2022-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-02-07 ms7000000042787884

    0

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    2022-02-03

    ( ˃̶̤́ ꒳ ˂̶̤̀ )

    0

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    2022-02-01 yibei

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