艾伯维修订增强型拟肽类PIs口服联合制剂克力芝®(洛匹那韦/利托那韦)的说明书

2017-11-23 沈药IFDPL 国际药政通

洛匹那韦/利托那韦( Lopinavir/Ritonavir),商品名克力芝(Kaletra)是艾伯维公司研发的产品,剂型包括口服液和片剂,Kaletra口服液说明书至今共修订44次,片剂说明书至今共修订39次。艾伯维公司根据《联邦食品药品和化妆品法案》第505(b)条规定提交补充新药申请(sNDA),提出修改Kaletra口服溶液80 mg/20 mg/mL(NDA 21251)和Kalet



洛匹那韦/利托那韦(Lopinavir/Ritonavir),商品名克力芝(Kaletra)是艾伯维公司研发的产品,剂型包括口服液和片剂,Kaletra口服液说明书至今共修订44次,片剂说明书至今共修订39次。艾伯维公司根据《联邦食品药品和化妆品法案》第505(b)条规定提交补充新药申请(sNDA),提出修改Kaletra口服溶液80 mg/20 mg/mL(NDA 21251)和Kaletra薄膜包衣片剂200mg/50mg和100mg/25mg(NDA 21906)说明书,并于2017年10月13日发布新版说明书,修订补充申请-55(SUPPL-55)口服溶液、-50(SUPPL-50)片剂说明书的内容。

1 Kaletra简介

克力芝是一种增强型的拟肽类PIs口服联合制剂,含有洛匹那韦(Lopinavir,LPV)和低剂量利托那韦(Ritonavir,RTV)。当两者联用时,LPV血清水平可较单独使用时升高并时间延长[1]。在我国,克力芝已与NRTIs(nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂)作为二线治疗方案共同用于治疗HIV-1感染的成人和青少年[2]。

2 Kaletra适用症

Kaletra与其他抗逆转录病毒药物联合用于治疗成年人和出生14天及以上儿科患者的HIV-1感染

使用限制:

需要进行基因型和表型耐药检测,或具有治疗史的患者应在指导下使用Kaletra。洛匹那韦耐药相关替代(resistance-associated substitutions)的基线影响Kaletra对病毒学的影响作用。

3 Kaletra说明书修改内容

8【特殊人群用药】

第8.1项“孕妇用药”

风险概述

增加“美国一般人群中,孕妇流产的背景发生率(background rate)估计为15-20%。孕妇流产和新生儿患严重先天性缺陷的背景风险尚不确定。美国抗逆转录病毒药物妊娠用药登记处(Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry,APR)在方法学方面的局限性体现在其将美国亚特兰大主要城市先天性缺陷计划(Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program,MACDP)的数据作为外部对照,而MACDP的监测人群并非是特定疾病(disease-specific)患者,监测对象也仅局限于某些地理区域的妇女及婴儿,且不包括妊娠期短于20周出生的婴儿(详见数据)”。

试验数据

人体试验数据:

“抗逆转录病毒药物妊娠用药登记数据”中增加:“孕妇在早期妊娠阶段使用洛匹那韦治疗,活产婴儿先天性缺陷的患病率为2.1%(95%CI:1.4%-3.0%),在中期和晚期妊娠阶段使用洛匹那韦治疗时,婴儿先天性缺陷患病率为3.0%(95%CI:2.4%-3.8%)”。

动物实验数据:

将“按照母体中毒剂量给药时,大鼠出现胚胎和胎儿发育毒性”修订为“按照母体中毒剂量服用洛匹那韦和利托那韦时,大鼠(妊娠6-17天)出现胚胎和胎儿发育毒性”。家兔实验中,将“按照母体中毒剂量给药时,未观察到家兔的胚胎和胎儿发育毒性”修订为“按照母体中毒剂量服用洛匹那韦和利托那韦时,未观察到家兔(妊娠6-18天)的胚胎和胎儿发育毒性”。将“基于AUC测量结果,洛匹那韦联合利托那韦治疗的中毒剂量分别约为其推荐治疗剂量(400/100mg每天两次)的0.6倍和1.0倍”修改为“基于AUC测量结果,洛匹那韦联合利托那韦治疗(推荐治疗剂量400/100mg每天两次)时,洛匹那韦的中毒剂量约为推荐治疗剂量的0.6倍,利托那韦的中毒剂量约等于推荐治疗剂量”。

第8.2项“哺乳期用药”

风险概述

将建议感染HIV-1的哺乳期妇女不要用母乳喂养的原因,由“因为HIV-1可能通过母乳传播”修订为“因为可能导致:1)HIV传播(HIV阴性患儿);2)病毒获得耐药性(HIV阳性患儿);3)母乳喂养产生不良反应。”建议正在服用Kaletra的哺乳期妇女不要以母乳喂养”。

第8.3项“两性生殖能力”(新增)

避孕

使用Kaletra可能会降低联合激素避孕药(同时含有雌激素和孕激素的药物)的疗效。建议使用联合激素避孕药的患者可使用有效的替代避孕方法或同时采用屏障避孕法[见药物相互作用(7.3)]。

17【患者咨询信息】

将【患者咨询信息】下的提示信息“患者或患者家属须知:基本信息”简化为“基本给药信息[见用法用量(2)]”并进行如下具体修订:

将“患儿家属如果发现孩子的体重发生变化,请立即告知医护人员,以确保孩子服用Kaletra的剂量是正确的”改为“建议看护者如果发现孩子的体重发生变化,请立即告知医护人员,以确保孩子服用Kaletra的剂量可根据需要进行调整”。

增加:

“建议患者在服用或护理人员帮助患者服用口服溶液时使用标有刻度的量杯(已提供)或口服给药注射器定量给药”。

“告知患者遵照医嘱按时服用Kaletra,尽量不要错过给药时间,以免病毒产生抗药性”。

“告知患者与每日两次的给药方案相比,每日一次的给药方案可能会增加腹泻的几率”。

胰腺炎

在“建议正在服用Kaletra治疗且同时患有胰腺炎的患者”后增加“如果患者出现恶心、呕吐或腹痛等症状,请立即警示(alert)医护人员”。

QT和PR间期延长

告知患者使用Kaletra后,心功能可能会发生变化(例如PR和/或QT延长),如果患者出现头晕、心律失常或意识丧失等症状,请咨询医护人员[见警告和注意事项(5.5,5.6)]。

免疫重建综合征

HIV患者接受联合抗逆转录酶治疗,包括使用Kaletra后,已有出现免疫重建综合征的病例报告[见警告和注意事项(5.8)]。

血脂异常

告知患者使用Kaletra治疗后会显着增加血液中总胆固醇、甘油三酯的浓度[见警告和注意事项(5.9)]。

血友病患者

告知血友病患者,用蛋白酶抑制剂,如Kaletra治疗时,会增加出血风险[见警告和注意事项(5.11)]。

妊娠期药物暴露登记信息

告知患者“抗逆转录病毒药物妊娠用药登记处(APR)”可监测孕妇在使用Kaletra治疗时胎儿的发育情况[参见在特定人群中使用(8.1)]。

哺乳期

告知感染HIV-1的妇女不要用母乳喂养,因为HIV-1可以通过母乳传播。[参见特定人群中的使用(8.2)]。

4 Kaletra在中国的上市情况

目前,艾伯维公司生产的克力芝已在中国上市,剂型为口服溶液剂,每毫升口服液含洛匹那韦80mg、利托那韦20mg,160ml/瓶。

参考文献:

[1] Johnson MA,Gathe JC Jr,Podzamczer D,et al.A once-daily lopinavir/ritonavir-based regimen provides noninferior antiviral activity compared with a twice-daily regimen [J]. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr,2006,43(2):153-160.

[2] Prevention CMaaCCFDCA. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment for AIDS[J].Chin J Clin Infect Dis,2011,4(6):321-330.

原文来源:

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/safetylabelingchanges/index.cfm?event=searchdetail.page&DrugNameID=417

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    2017-11-23 Y—xianghai

    学习了新知识

    0

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