N Engl J Med:黑色素瘤手术中改变临床实践的研究!

2017-06-26 刘婧(放瘤娃 肿瘤资讯

对于中等厚度的黑色素瘤患者进行前哨淋巴结活检已经是指南内的共识,然而,对活检结果明确后下一步的治疗,却存在争议,自6月8日,新英格兰杂志对该问题发文后,Medscape对研究结果进行了进一步的报道和评论。

对于中等厚度的黑色素瘤患者进行前哨淋巴结活检已经是指南内的共识,然而,对活检结果明确后下一步的治疗,却存在争议,自6月8日,新英格兰杂志对该问题发文后,Medscape对研究结果进行了进一步的报道和评论。

研究背景

前哨淋巴结活检是筛选适宜进行手术的黑色素瘤患者的标准流程之一。第一个多中心的选择性淋巴结切除术的临床研究(MSLT-I)证实了早期进行淋巴结评估及治疗的重要性。在该项国际、前瞻性、随机临床试验中显示,前哨淋巴结/淋巴结的病理状态是预后判断最重要的影响因素,而那些进行过前哨淋巴结活检的黑色素瘤患者比淋巴结广泛切除或观察的患者,复发率更低。中等厚度的黑色素瘤及淋巴结转移的患者,由前哨淋巴结活检指导的早期手术,可以提高中等厚度黑色素瘤(1.2到3.5 mm)及淋巴结转移患者的黑色素瘤特异性生存时间(从黑色素瘤诊断确诊到患者死亡)。这一研究结果,为合适的时候通过前哨淋巴结活检进行黑色素瘤分期的临床建议提供了支撑。

现在,立即完成淋巴结清扫(对前哨淋巴结切除术后剩余的淋巴结予以清除)已经常常被推荐用于前哨淋巴结转移的黑色素瘤患者。然而,尚缺乏关于完成淋巴结清扫有效性的前瞻性证据,而且,这一操作还有带来副作用的风险。对完成淋巴结清扫有用性的回顾性评估结果尚未确定。在一项前瞻性的研究中,其研究数据提示完成淋巴结清扫不会给患者带来获益,但是,该项研究还不足以排除该项操作给患者带来的临床上的显着益处。此外,对于大多数人来说,淋巴结病变只限于前哨淋巴结/淋巴结,因此可以通过活检的手段予以切除。然而,即使通过微创手段对淋巴结予以切除,其预后及疗效与未切除的患者仍然相似。

在第二次的多中心选择性淋巴结切除的临床试验中(MSLT-II),研究者对前哨淋巴结转移的黑色素瘤患者进行了完成切除,并与通过淋巴结超声随访观察的患者进行了对比。

结果提示在前哨淋巴结转移的黑色素瘤患者中,即刻完成淋巴结清扫提高了肿瘤区域控制率、且提供了预后信息,但并未增加黑色素瘤特异性生存率。

Medscape报道及评论

根据参与临床试验的专家及一名未参与研究的专家建议,黑色素瘤患者前哨淋巴结转移,不应该成为清除其他未受侵犯淋巴结的依据。对于有前哨淋巴结病变(通常被切除)的患者,应随时间观察其转移情况,因此应该避免立即完成淋巴结清扫。

这是第二次多中心选择性淋巴结切除试验的结果(MSLT-II),已经发表于6月8日的新英格兰杂志。

在一封写给Medscape医学新闻的邮件中,文章的联合作者,来自宾夕法尼亚州费城福克斯蔡斯癌症中心Jeffrey Farma博士谈到研究结果中高水平的数据将改变国际黑色素瘤患者的临床治疗实践模式。

在研究文章发布后的评论中,来自纪念斯隆凯特琳癌症中心的肿瘤外科专家Daniel Coit博士对Jeffrey Farma博士的观点表示同意。他写到对于前哨淋巴结转移的黑色素瘤患者是否应该完成淋巴结清扫的问题中,新的研究结果与其它在该问题上的研究结果相一致,包括一些其它的随机研究。

Coit 博士补充到区域性淋巴结一直是一个“谜”,我们对其在疾病发展中到底扮演什么角色尚不清楚,因此,采取了“切除越多越好”的态度来进行治疗。然而,他发现在黑色素瘤甚至在部分其它肿瘤中,选择性切除未被肿瘤侵犯的淋巴结的情况很少,如果的确进行了切除,则可以延长疾病特异生存期。

文章的作者谈到,完成淋巴结清扫在黑色素瘤患者中较为常见,但是对于其有效性缺乏前瞻性的证据,因此,作者所在的团队进行了该项研究。

在63个国际研究中心中,研究者将患者分为前哨淋巴结转移(通过标准的病理评估或多种标志物分子检测)并立即完成淋巴结清扫组(n = 971)和超声随访观察组(n = 968)。

在临床试验结果的分析中,将黑色素瘤3年平均特异生存率定为主要终点,在中位随访到43个月的时候,清扫组和观察组两组的平均特异生存率数据结果(分别为86 ± 1.3% 和 86 ± 1.2%; P = 0.42)相似。在3年的时间中,清扫组的无病生存率轻微高于观察组(分别为68 ± 1.7% 和 63 ± 1.7%; P = 0.05)。这一结果是基于清扫组3年的疾病控制率增加(分别为68 ± 1.7% 和 63 ± 1.7%;P = 0.05)。但是,作者对这一结果并未给予过多的关注。他写道:“由于在主要终点中,未观察到两组间的差异,因此对于次要终点间的差异需要谨慎的进行解释。”

意料之中的是淋巴结清扫越多的患者,其淋巴水肿发生的风险更高。在清扫组中,淋巴水肿的发生率为24.1%,而观察组为6.3% (P < .001)。对于大部分患者,淋巴水肿较为轻微,但有33%出现中度淋巴水肿,有3%的患者出现重度淋巴水肿。

Coit 博士总结到MSLT-II 和其它的随机对照研究(DeCOG-SLT)清楚的显示,对淋巴结盆地进行主动的随访观察,选择适宜的患者进行延迟地选择性淋巴结清扫才是安全有效,且能让患者获得最大获益的治疗方式。
原始出处:
M.B. Faries, J.F. Thompson, A.J. Cochran, R.H. et, al. Completion Dissection or Observation for Sentinel-Node Metastasis in Melanoma.The New England Journal of Medicine.

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    2017-08-23 haouestc
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    2018-02-15 heli0118
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    2017-11-03 spoonycyy
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我们的工作是利用系统生物学方法,尝试确定与黑素瘤患者样品中转移相关的关键糖基化变化并将其映射到酶上,揭示了岩藻糖基转移酶FUT8可以作为预防和治疗转移的抗肿瘤靶标。利用多种最先进的互补方法,我们确定FUT8在黑色素瘤转移中发挥作用,且核心岩藻糖基化是为癌细胞适应新的宿主环境(如转移部位)的重要因素,并确定某些蛋白,其异常核心岩藻糖基化赋予黑素瘤细胞攻击性行为,这些蛋白为特异性靶蛋白。

SCI REP:增加的血小板分布宽度可以预测黑色素瘤患者的不良预后!

总之,血小板分布宽度可以很容易从血常规中获取。该研究结果表明血小板分布宽度是黑色素瘤患者的一个独立的预测因素,也可能是黑色素瘤靶向治疗的一个潜在参数。