BMJ:氯胺酮用于自杀意念患者的紧急治疗

2022-02-11 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

该研究的结果表明,氯胺酮治疗短期起效快、安全,并且对自杀患者的急性治疗具有持续的益处。合并精神障碍似乎是重要的调节因素,氯胺酮对精神疼痛的镇痛作用可能解释了其抗自杀效应。

全世界每年约有700000人死于自杀,其是企图自杀的10到20倍。自杀是青少年和年轻人的第二大死亡原因。12个月内,全球2%的成人有自杀念头,其中0.5%的个体实施自杀计划。近日,顶级杂志BMJ上发表了一篇研究文章,研究人员旨在明确氯胺酮在短期和六周内快速起效的抗自杀益处。

该研究是于2015年4月13日至2019年3月12日期间在七家法国教学医院完成的。参与者年龄18岁或以上,目前有自杀意念,且自愿入院。排除标准包括精神分裂症或其他精神病史、物质依赖和氯胺酮禁忌症者。

156名参与者被招募并随机分配到安慰剂(n=83)或氯胺酮(n=73)治疗,按中心和诊断分层:双相情感障碍、抑郁症或其他疾病。除了常规治疗外,在基线和24小时时给予两次40分钟的氯胺酮(0.5mg/kg)或安慰剂(生理盐水)静脉输注。该研究的主要结果是根据自杀意念总分≤3的量表,患者在第3天达到完全自杀缓解率。分析是在意向治疗的基础上进行的。

与接受安慰剂治疗的受试者相比,接受氯胺酮治疗的受试者在第3天达到完全缓解自杀念头的人数更多:氯胺酮组83名受试者中有46人(63.0%),安慰剂组73名受试者中有25人(31.6%)(比值比为3.7(95%置信区间为1.9至7.3),P<0.001)。这种效果因诊断而异(治疗:P<0.001;相互作用:P=0.02):双相(比值比为14.1(95%置信区间为3.0至92.2),P<0.001),抑郁(1.3(0.3至5.2),P=0.6)或其他疾病(3.7(0.9至17.3,P=0.07))。副作用较为局限。此外,研究人员还发现了精神痛苦的介导作用。在第6周,氯胺酮组的缓解率仍然很高,尽管与安慰剂相比无显著性差异(69.5% vs. 56.3%;比值比为0.8(95%置信区间为0.3至2.5),P=0.7)。

由此可见,该研究的结果表明,氯胺酮治疗短期起效快、安全,并且对自杀患者的急性治疗具有持续的益处。合并精神障碍似乎是重要的调节因素,氯胺酮对精神疼痛的镇痛作用可能解释了其抗自杀效应。

原始出处:

Mocrane Abbar,etal.Ketamine for the acute treatment of severe suicidal ideation: double blind, randomised placebo controlled trial.BMJ.2022;https://www.bmj.com/content/376/bmj-2021-067194

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    2022-11-09 gaoxiaoe
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    2022-02-12 jml2009
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    2022-02-11 buku

    预防可以的话也是一大进步

    0

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