双靶标CAR-T细胞——实体肿瘤的克星

2018-08-12 悠然 生物探索

西雅图儿童医院最近开展了一项名为STRIvE-01的嵌合抗原受体(CAR-T)细胞免疫治疗试验,该试验适用于伴有EGFR蛋白表达的实体瘤儿童和青少年患者。在第1阶段试验中,双靶标的CAR-T细胞将更好地靶向儿童肉瘤、肾肿瘤和神经母细胞瘤等实体肿瘤中的EGFR蛋白。

不包括大脑的实体肿瘤约占所有儿童癌症的30%。肉瘤,一种在骨骼和软组织中发展的癌症;肾脏恶性肿瘤,包括肾母细胞瘤;神经母细胞瘤,一种在年轻神经细胞中形成的肿瘤, 是儿童诊断出的最常见的非中枢神经系统实体瘤。即使几十年来治疗方法的进步提高了患癌儿童的存活率,但当癌症复发或初始治疗无效时,这些实体肿瘤仍然是对标准疗法最具抵抗力的肿瘤之一。

“尽管现代疗法为实体瘤患儿提供了更深入的治疗或新的药物组合,但我们却无力改善高危患儿群体的治疗效果。”西雅图儿童医院的肿瘤学家、STRIvE-01项目的领导者Katie Albert博士说道, “正是这些孩子,促使我们研究新的治疗方法,以便治愈所有患者。”

虽然在西雅图儿童医院的临床试验中,CAR-T细胞在临床试验中显示出了治愈白血病儿童的希望,但在实体瘤上却面临更艰难的挑战。实体肿瘤存在于特殊的微环境中,这些微环境有助于它们逃避免疫系统,使得CAR-T细胞很难保持杀伤能力。

“为了使CAR-T疗法能有效对抗实体肿瘤,我们不仅需要使CAR-T细胞进入肿瘤微环境,还需要确保它们能够存活并在那里茁壮成长。”Albert博士说。

为了构建STRIvE-01项目所需的CAR-T细胞,西雅图儿童研究所Ben Towne儿童癌症研究中心的Mike Jensen教授带领研究团队将对患者的T细胞进行重新编程,以靶向细胞表面表达异常的EGFR蛋白。在正常组织中,EGFR负责细胞生长和发育。当在恶性实体瘤中表达时,EGFR则使肿瘤细胞更具侵袭性和侵入性。



Katie Albert博士(左)和Mike Jensen教授(右)

通过使用名为EGFR806的抗体来武装CAR-T细胞,研究人员希望选择性地发现并破坏表达EGFR的实体瘤细胞,并限制其对正常组织的毒性。

参加第一组试验的儿童和年轻人将接受EGFR806武装的CAR-T细胞,试验将评估这种疗法的毒性并确定实验治疗的最大耐受剂量。完成安全性测试后,参加第二组试验的患者将接受重新编程的CAR-T细胞,它会同时靶向EGFR和一种名为CD19的蛋白,这是一种表达于B淋巴细胞的白细胞亚群上的蛋白质。

“通过包含靶向两种蛋白质的CAR-T细胞疗法,我们在治疗实体肿瘤方面的研究又向前迈进了一步,抗癌T细胞可以在很短时间到达肿瘤组织。”Albert说, “基于我们在白血病试验中的研究成果,我们希望CD19的二级靶点能与IBD%E8%AF%8A%E6%B2%BB%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0-Part%202" target="_blank">血液中的B淋巴细胞相互作用,以促进定向于EGFR的CAR-T细胞的扩增和其杀伤力。”

“我们可能需要一系列治疗策略来操纵免疫环境,才能治愈难以治疗的实体瘤患者。”Albert博士说,“我很高兴有机会将我们最先进的免疫治疗策略纳入这次实体肿瘤治疗计划,我希望能为更多家庭提供最有效和最全面的CAR-T细胞治疗方案,帮助治疗孩子的癌症。”

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    2018-08-20 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    a:¥CnTwb1llNAq¥

    0

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    2019-04-12 仁心济世
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    2018-08-15 kafei

    学习学习谢谢

    0

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    2018-08-14 zhaojie88
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    2018-08-14 weiz
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    2018-08-12 Jackie Li

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