Nat Genet:人类癌症的致癌全景图

2013-10-09 佚名 生物通

用于新型癌症治疗方法的临床试验设计,一般来说都是集中在肿瘤起源所在的组织,然而近期由纪念斯隆-凯特琳癌症中心的研究人员完成的一项研究则发现了一种新的方法:基于基因组标记进行研究,而不是针对机体器官组织进行研究。 这一研究成果公布在9月26日的Nature Genetics杂志上,同时还有多篇文章将陆续发布于各大期刊杂志。这些成果利用了来自癌症基因组图集(Cancer Genome Atlas,T

用于新型癌症治疗方法的临床试验设计,一般来说都是集中在肿瘤起源所在的组织,然而近期由纪念斯隆-凯特琳癌症中心的研究人员完成的一项研究则发现了一种新的方法:基于基因组标记进行研究,而不是针对机体器官组织进行研究。

这一研究成果公布在9月26日的Nature Genetics杂志上,同时还有多篇文章将陆续发布于各大期刊杂志。这些成果利用了来自癌症基因组图集(Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)的数据。这一项目由美国国家卫生研究院(NIH)提供资金资助,旨在收集超过 20 种癌症,每种癌症多达 500 个肿瘤的基因组信息,其中包括所有编码蛋白质基因序列。 【原文下载】

众所周知,癌症的出现是一个多步骤的复杂过程,由于此前癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)的努力,以及其他大规模癌症基因组研究成果,这一过程已经被解析成了精确分子事件细节,从中描绘了影响单个人体细胞20,000个基因的突变和其他分子事件。

现在,研究人员根据针对超过来自12个不同肿瘤类型的3000个样品基因组分析,提出了两个主要的假设:有限数量的特殊遗传事件可能引发了大多数肿瘤亚型;无论肿瘤来自何种器官组织,可以通过肿瘤所具有的致癌标记来给肿瘤分类。这些致癌标记很大程度上独立于癌症所在的特定组织,这表明某些药物组合也许有助于筛选患有特殊类型肿瘤的病患。

纪念斯隆-凯特琳癌症中心基因组数据分析中心的资深研究员Chris Sander表示,“比如说,在未来的临床试验里,患有某种子宫内膜癌的患者也许会和患有大肠癌某个亚型的患者同时进行相同的试验,而这些被挑选出来进行临床试验的癌症患者,也需要通过其癌症基因组图谱进行跟踪指导”,“这项工作就是能用于设计这样的试验,并促进更个性化癌症疗法的发展。”

研究人员揭示出这些致癌事件的分子机制,是基于过去十年间的三大主要基础和科学技术。首先新型高通量基因组技术,降低了实验成本,令科学家们能在上千个肿瘤中寻找基因组数据。

其次许多实验室在癌症基因组学研究中积累的经验和知识,也告诉了我们许多癌症分子变化可能有助于癌变。另外计算生物学领域中出现了可以用于大型数据分析的新型算法和方法,也将数据和深入研究联系在了一起,令我们可以发现大海捞针,推导出致癌的分子遗传特征,并用于在极高水平背景噪音的条件下,分析肿瘤亚型和研发治疗方法。

纪念斯隆-凯特琳癌症中心研究组与TCGA其它研究组合作,计划将针对数以万计的肿瘤研究扩展这些系统分析。目前超过13,000个肿瘤样本的分子肿瘤全景图在癌症基因组cBioPortal 上可以查看到。

这项研究的通讯作者包括纪念斯隆-凯特琳算生物学中心的 Giovanni Ciriello, Nikolaus Schultz,以及Chris Sander,研究得到了美国国家癌症研究所资助(U24 CA143840)。

原文检索

Ciriello G, Miller ML, Aksoy BA, Senbabaoglu Y, Schultz N, Sander C.Emerging landscape of oncogenic signatures across human cancers.Nat Genet. 2013 Sep 26. 【原文下载】

 

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    2014-07-09 liye789132251
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    2014-03-10 bioon16
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    2013-11-12 canlab
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    2014-05-23 cy0324
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    2013-10-11 jambiya

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