Science:肠道细菌可预防婴儿肠道感染

2017-04-22 tulip1999 来宝网

胃肠炎是5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因之一,每年因肠道感染而死亡的儿童多达250万人,而小婴儿罹患肠道感染的风险最高。一项最新研究显示,有一种肠道细菌可以避免婴儿遭受胃肠道感染的不利影响。

胃肠炎是5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因之一,每年因肠道感染而死亡的儿童多达250万人,而小婴儿罹患肠道感染的风险最高。一项最新研究显示,有一种肠道细菌可以避免婴儿遭受胃肠道感染的不利影响。

胃肠道感染是导致腹泻和呕吐的常见原因,是由细菌、病毒和寄生虫等微生物引发的。据估计,小儿胃肠炎病例当中,大约有10%-20%是由细菌——如沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌所致。

大多数沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌感染病例无需治疗也会在4至10天之内自行好转。然而,对于免疫系统较弱的小婴儿来说,出现并发症的风险增大,包括脱水、肾功能衰竭甚至死亡。

密歇根大学医学院对不同年龄小鼠进行研究以探讨肠道细菌梭菌在保护小鼠免受沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌感染所致的致命性后果当中所发挥的作用。这一研究成果或许能够研究出保护婴儿免受胃肠道感染的新方法。这项研究成果发表在《科学》杂志上。

该研究的资深作者,密歇根大学病理学教授Gabriel Nunez说:“任何一位家长都知道新生儿在其生命第一年很容易发生感染,包括肠道感染。”这项研究成果表明,肠道菌群中缺乏保护性细菌是产生这种易感性的一种机制,可能比年龄较小免疫系统较弱的相关性还要大。”

梭状芽胞杆菌是一组生长在肠道内的100多种无害细菌。研究表明,新生小鼠体内缺乏梭状芽胞杆菌,但在数天之后开始生成。梭状芽胞杆菌的缺失使年幼小鼠容易受到细菌侵入,这类似于感染人类小婴儿的病原体。

知道了新生小鼠不存在天然的肠道细菌之后,研究人员看到了一个机会,观察不同年龄小鼠的肠道细菌微生物是如何影响新生小鼠植入性肠道感染的易感性的。

先进的DNA分析技术被用来检测小鼠肠道内的细菌类型及测量细菌数量。

梭状芽胞杆菌能够减少有害细菌,降低死亡风险

Nunez及其同事利用新生小鼠和成年无菌小鼠进行了一系列实验。分别从4日龄、12日龄和16日龄的正常小鼠粪便中提取肠道微生物标本。

研究小组发现,16日龄小鼠的肠道微生物种类最多——包括梭状芽胞杆菌和拟杆菌属细菌——而这在完全通过母乳摄入所有营养的年幼小鼠肠道内是无法观察到的。

4日龄和16日龄正常小鼠肠道内的细菌移植入无菌小鼠肠道内。然后,让它们接触只会感染肠道的沙门氏菌。接受4日龄正常小鼠肠道内细菌植入的小鼠有半数死亡。然而,接受16日龄正常小鼠肠道内细菌植入的小鼠全部存活。

接下来,研究人员使用柠檬酸杆菌尝试进行同样的实验。柠檬酸杆菌是一种类似于大肠杆菌会对人类造成感染的菌株。许多接受4日龄正常小鼠肠道内微生物植入的小鼠死亡。在幸存小鼠肠道内移植入16日龄正常小鼠的微生物,小鼠肠道内柠檬酸杆菌的数量迅速减少。

随后,研究人员想看看如果将新生小鼠的微生物(其中还含有额外梭状芽胞杆菌和拟杆菌属细菌)移植入无菌小鼠会出现什么后果。他们让这组小鼠接触柠檬酸杆菌,只有接受梭状芽胞杆菌植入的小鼠能够抵抗感染。

同样,与那些没有接受梭状芽胞杆菌植入的小鼠相比90%接受梭状芽胞杆菌植入的小鼠在一个星期之后仍然存活且在接触沙门氏菌后依然存活。

大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌也会导致成人发生感染,虽然但严重程度要轻得多,因此研究人员决定评估一下给予万古霉素——一种能够破坏梭状芽胞杆菌和拟杆菌的抗生素——对成年小鼠的影响。沙门氏菌和柠檬酸杆菌在这种虚弱的肠道环境茁壮成长。

添加琥珀酸能够显着增强抗感染作用

Nunez及其合作者还比较了人体免疫系统和肠道微生物在抗感染中的作用。他们通过研究免疫系统受损的小鼠来实现这一目标。小鼠肠道内移植入4日龄正常小鼠的微生物之后将其与沙门氏菌接触。尽管免疫系统减弱的小鼠仍然能够抵御感染,但只有当它们额外接种梭状芽胞杆菌才能做到如此。

最后的实验评估了在饮用水中添加琥珀酸对接受4日龄正常小鼠微生物植入外加梭状芽胞杆菌的影响。琥珀酸盐是一种盐,它依赖氧气产生的细菌作为副产品。在混合细菌中加入琥珀酸能够使小鼠更好地抵御沙门氏菌感染。这表明生活梭状芽胞杆菌——在无氧环境下生存,依赖需氧菌的代谢废物生存——在新生儿肠道中大量繁殖。

“通常情况下,当我们开始吃固体食物时,肠道才能生成梭状芽胞杆菌,但是这项研究表明,在生命的早期阶段还存在一个肠道病原体易感期窗口。”Gabriel Nunez如是说。

原始出处:

Yun-Gi Kim, et al.  Neonatal acquisition of Clostridia species protects against colonization by bacterial pathogens.  Science  21 Apr 2017:Vol. 356, Issue 6335, pp. 315-319DOI: 10.1126/science.aag2029

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    2017-04-26 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢作者分享!

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    2017-04-24 jichang
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=190794, encodeId=3b29190e9419, content=学习了,谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Apr 26 14:59:46 CST 2017, time=2017-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1369876, encodeId=32d613698e6fd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f4081e22b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肠道细菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81722, encryptionId=4f4081e22b0, topicName=肠道细菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9d17305, createdName=listen318, createdTime=Mon Apr 24 00:33:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375564, encodeId=2ba613e556425, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Mon Apr 24 00:33:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1459977, encodeId=f4cd14599e75e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f1c78168032' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肠道感染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81680, encryptionId=f1c78168032, topicName=肠道感染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=69b16221893, createdName=medscijoin, createdTime=Mon Apr 24 00:33:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=189619, encodeId=985d18961926, content=学习一下谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Sat Apr 22 14:03:42 CST 2017, time=2017-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=189612, encodeId=15e9189612a0, content=学习过了!!!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D82E721DB581755.jpg, createdBy=4fc81933929, createdName=明天会更好!, createdTime=Sat Apr 22 13:08:57 CST 2017, time=2017-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=189601, encodeId=0f5e18960186, content=肠道正常菌群非常重要。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzcjoLTEEgkSSQ8pVIiaf4a4INaoMLBV16QEk3dvvBRpicwIwmDGv0jePErJ4aE9ibVBDPtkialQLT9Bs/0, createdBy=04811949400, createdName=邓启付, createdTime=Sat Apr 22 10:05:45 CST 2017, time=2017-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-22 三生有幸9135

    学习一下谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-04-22 明天会更好!

    学习过了!!!!!

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=190794, encodeId=3b29190e9419, content=学习了,谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Apr 26 14:59:46 CST 2017, time=2017-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1369876, encodeId=32d613698e6fd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f4081e22b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肠道细菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81722, encryptionId=4f4081e22b0, topicName=肠道细菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9d17305, createdName=listen318, createdTime=Mon Apr 24 00:33:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375564, encodeId=2ba613e556425, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Mon Apr 24 00:33:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1459977, encodeId=f4cd14599e75e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f1c78168032' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肠道感染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81680, encryptionId=f1c78168032, topicName=肠道感染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=69b16221893, createdName=medscijoin, createdTime=Mon Apr 24 00:33:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=189619, encodeId=985d18961926, content=学习一下谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Sat Apr 22 14:03:42 CST 2017, time=2017-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=189612, encodeId=15e9189612a0, content=学习过了!!!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D82E721DB581755.jpg, createdBy=4fc81933929, createdName=明天会更好!, createdTime=Sat Apr 22 13:08:57 CST 2017, time=2017-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=189601, encodeId=0f5e18960186, content=肠道正常菌群非常重要。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzcjoLTEEgkSSQ8pVIiaf4a4INaoMLBV16QEk3dvvBRpicwIwmDGv0jePErJ4aE9ibVBDPtkialQLT9Bs/0, createdBy=04811949400, createdName=邓启付, createdTime=Sat Apr 22 10:05:45 CST 2017, time=2017-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-22 邓启付

    肠道正常菌群非常重要。

    0

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由此可见,阵发性眼头运动是Glut1 DS婴儿的早期症状。发作的识别将有助于及时诊断这种可治疗的神经发育障碍。

JAMA Pediatr:婴儿急性颅内出血的新型血清学鉴定模式!

头部外伤是致死的主要原因。缺乏头部创伤的诊断,尤其是轻度损伤的诊断使得发病率和死亡率增加。血清生物标志物可能是一种具有潜力的筛选工具,以提醒医生患者发生颅内出血的可能性。近期一项发表在杂志JAMA Pediatr上的文章检测并验证了一组生物标志物,可以作为多变量模型的基础,使用Ziplex系统识别出婴儿颅内出血。此项研究使用二元逻辑回归开发了包含3个血清生物标志物(基质金属蛋白酶-9、神经元特异性

Matern Child Nutr:宝妈注意!婴儿缺乏维生素B1,平衡、运动能力会受影响

维生素的重要性毋庸赘述,却也常常被忽视。2004年,以色列一品牌奶粉因为缺乏维生素B1元素而造成婴儿死亡。近期,来自于以色列特拉维夫大学的科学家们基于这一事实进行了一项回顾性研究并证实,婴儿时期严重缺乏维生素B1会对儿童的运动机能、平衡能力产生长期影响。这一结论提醒我们,适当的母乳喂养以及奶粉等替代配方质量监控很重要。

太热或太冷天气可能影响宝宝体重

研究人员发现,在怀孕期间经历异常热或寒冷天气的妇女,出生婴儿体重低的风险增加,即使婴儿没有早产。

美国成功切除婴儿体内的寄生双胞胎

日前,美国成功地施行了一台复杂的手术,从一名女婴体内取出与其在母体子宫内融合在一起生长的未能正常发育的寄生双胞胎。