盘点:姜黄素——医学界一颗冉冉升起的新星

2017-10-10 MedSci MedSci原创

姜黄素是从姜科、天南星科中的一些植物的根茎中提取的一种化学成分。越来越多的研究表明,姜黄素具有降血脂、抗肿瘤、抗炎、利胆、抗氧化等作用。这里梅斯小编整理了近些年研究发现姜黄素在医学领域的应用,与大家一同分享。【1】改造姜黄素结构或有望治疗糖尿病并发症2014年发表于Diabetes的一项新的研究显示,来自温州医科大学药学院的研究人员创新性地将从姜科植物中提取的姜黄素,进行结构改造后,得到了单羰

姜黄素是从姜科、天南星科中的一些植物的根茎中提取的一种化学成分。越来越多的研究表明,姜黄素具有降血脂、抗肿瘤、抗炎、利胆、抗氧化等作用。这里梅斯小编整理了近些年研究发现姜黄素在医学领域的应用,与大家一同分享。

【1】改造姜黄素结构或有望治疗糖尿病并发症

2014年发表于Diabetes的一项新的研究显示,来自温州医科大学药学院的研究人员创新性地将从姜科植物中提取的姜黄素,进行结构改造后,得到了单羰基姜黄素类似物(MACs)C66,有望治疗糖尿病并发症。该研究在国际上首次揭示了小分子化合物C66对糖尿病心肌病防治作用和药理机制,提出C66直接作用的靶点是JNK2(氨基末端激酶2)。C66通过抑制JNK2,一方面降低高糖引起的炎症反应,另一方面有效缓解炎症因子引起的心肌细胞凋亡,从而达到保护糖尿病心脏损伤的效果。

【2】姜黄素类似物可有效抵御阿尔兹海默氏症

2015年发表于Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease上的研究论文中,来自范德堡大学医学中心的研究人员表示,一种和姜黄素很相近的化学类似物或可用于进行大脑疾病的治疗。研究人员研发了类似姜黄素并且可以有效运输进入大脑的新型分子,目前治疗阿尔兹海默氏症的主要困难就是如何跨过血脑屏障运输药物至大脑,我们的机体可以产生一种屏障来保护大脑免受毒性分子进入大脑损伤神经元。但是如今研究人员开发出了一种新型分子,其可以跨越血脑屏障来治疗疾病。

【3】姜黄素可抑制牙周致病菌的活性

2015年发表于J Periodontol的一项研究显示,姜黄素可抑制牙周致病菌的活性,或可用于牙周病的治疗。研究人员将牙周致病菌暴露于不同浓度的姜黄素中培养,发现姜黄素可抑制牙龈卟啉单胞菌、中间普氏菌以及具核酸杆菌的生长,且对齿垢密螺旋体的抑制作用呈剂量-依赖关系。即使是浓度很低的姜黄素几乎也可完全抑制细菌的生长。20 μg/mL的姜黄素可抑制80%以上的牙龈卟啉单胞菌生物膜的形成。

【4】姜黄素可能用于治疗结核病


2015年发表于Respirology的一项研究指出,姜黄素具有消除耐药的结核杆菌(TB)的作用。研究人员发现,姜黄素可刺激人类巨噬细胞并清除被结核分枝杆菌感染的细胞。该研究表明,姜黄素可预防机体感染结核分枝杆菌。研究人员认为,姜黄素可促使NFkB的产生并激活机体巨噬细胞,以预防机体感染结核分枝杆菌并抑制其耐药性。因此,姜黄素可能是一种治疗结核病的新型药物且不易产生耐药性。但是他们认为仍需更研究以进一步验证。

【5】新型多功能树枝状介孔硅纳米颗粒搭载姜黄素治疗乳腺癌

2016年ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces收录了同济大学生命科学与技术学院/东方医院转化医学研究中心汪世龙教授课题组和澳大利亚昆士兰大学/生物工程与纳米技术研究所余承忠教授课题组的一项研究。研究人员首先合成一种新型多功能树枝状介孔硅纳米颗粒,通过Ca2+螯合作用搭载姜黄素,从而制备了姜黄素纳米载药新体系(Cur-Ca@DMSNs-FA),然后评价了其对乳腺癌体外以体内的治疗效果和相关分子机制。研究结果表明该载药体系具有:1)pH敏感释放药物;2)靶向到肿瘤细胞;3)较好的生物相容性等性质。同时,其能够通过抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR和 Wnt/β-catenin信号通路, 且活化线粒体介导的凋亡通路来诱导乳腺癌细胞凋亡。最后,其能够显着的提高药物的体内生物利用度。该研究成果为新药剂的开发以及为乳腺癌的治疗提供新思路和理论依据。

【6】姜黄素或可用于治疗中耳炎

中耳炎(OM)主要表现为中耳部位黏蛋白过量产生和重度的炎症,并且是儿童时期最为常见的感染。既往研究表明,MUC5AC黏蛋白在中耳炎的病理过程中起着关键的作用。今年发表于Int J Inflam. 的一项新的研究表明,在中耳上皮细胞中,来源于姜黄植物的姜黄素是NTHi诱导产生MUC5AC黏蛋白的一个潜在的抑制子。研究发现,姜黄素可以通过上调蛋白激酶磷酸酶MKP-1来抑制p38MAPK的激活,从而抑制了MUC5AC的表达。因此,该研究鉴定了姜黄素可以作为一种抑制中耳炎中黏蛋白过度产生潜在的疗法,并且通过上调MKP-1来实现,而MKP-1是已知的炎症负调控因子。

【7】姜黄素抑制人类前列腺癌细胞的增殖和侵袭

许多研究表明姜黄素能有效抑制体内外的前列腺癌细胞的增殖、侵袭和肿瘤发生。近期发表于Gene的一项新的研究表明,姜黄素可抑制CD44+/CD133+人前列腺癌干细胞(HuPCaSC)的细胞增殖和侵袭,抑制细胞周期。研究发现,细胞周期蛋白和干细胞标记物的表达水平在姜黄素治疗的HuPCaSC细胞中降低。微阵列分析和Northern印迹杂交(Northern blot)表明,在姜黄素治疗的HuPCaSC细胞中miR-145过度表达。通过生物信息学分析、生物信息学分析和荧光素酶活性分析得到的竞争性内源RNA(ceRNA) 机制的研究表明,lncRNA-ROR和OCT4 mRNA都含有miR-145的结合位点,且lncRNA-ROR和OCT4 mRNA之间竞争与microRNA直接结合。姜黄素能诱导miR-145的高表达,抑制lncRNA-ROR的表达。在裸鼠体内,姜黄素治疗的HuPCaSC的致瘤性显著降低。

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    科研精髓在于创新

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    2017-12-09 jktdtl
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    2017-10-12 lyh994

    典型的中药.厉害

    0

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    2017-10-11 戒馋,懒,贪

    有点意思.谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-10-11 xuexin53

    学习

    0

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    2017-10-11 大叔默默路过

    还真不错.期待在抗癌效果

    0

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    2017-10-10 营养医师

    神奇的姜黄素

    0

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    2017-10-10 hhh678

    henhao

    0

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