Lancet Neurol:荷兰心房颤动患者抗凝相关脑出血后阿匹沙班与不抗凝的比较(APACHE-AF)

2021-10-28 Naomii MedSci原创

心房颤动患者在服用抗凝剂期间发生脑出血,无论是分配给阿匹沙班还是为了避免抗凝,随后发生非致命性中风或血管死亡的年度风险都很高。

      对于在抗凝相关脑出血中幸存下来的房颤患者,是否重新启动抗凝以预防中风复发和系统性血栓栓塞是一个长期而紧迫的临床难题。长期以来,医生一直不愿推荐口服抗凝治疗,只有少数患者恢复治疗,而且往往在脑出血后几个月恢复治疗。最近,观察性研究提供了支持重新开始抗凝的论据。在患有心房颤动的抗凝相关脑出血的幸存者中,恢复口服抗凝与较低的死亡风险及比避免抗凝更好的功能结果相关,这些关联在非脑叶和脑叶出血的患者中相似,尽管脑叶内出血的患者比非脑叶出血的患者有更高的再发脑出血风险。

      然而,这些观察性研究的结果可能与适应症相混淆,大多数接受抗凝治疗的患者都使用维生素K拮抗剂。非维生素K拮抗剂口服抗凝剂被称为直接口服抗凝剂(DOAC),在房颤患者短暂性脑缺血发作和缺血性卒中后的一级预防和二级预防中,出血性并发症的风险低于维生素K拮抗剂。因此,DOAC可能是更安全的选择,尤其是在抗凝相关脑出血的患者中。因此,指南没有提供强有力的建议,建议抗凝相关脑出血的患者(如果有的话)应该恢复抗凝。

      对于在抗凝相关脑出血中幸存下来的心房颤动患者,必须决定重新开始抗凝还是永久避免抗凝是预防中风和其他血管事件复发的最佳长期策略。近日,研究人员在APACHE-AF的研究中,评估了接受阿匹沙班治疗的此类患者与避免抗凝治疗时的非致命性卒中或血管死亡的比率,以便为更大规模试验的设计提供依据。

      APACHE-AF是在荷兰的16家医院进行的一项前瞻性、随机、开放标签的2期试验,进行了蒙蔽终点评估。脑出血患者在接受心房颤动抗凝治疗期间幸存下来的患者在出血后7-90天符合纳入标准。参与者的CHA2DS2-VASc评分至少为2分,改良Rankin量表(MRS)评分为4分或更低。参与者被随机分配(1:1)接受口服apixaban(每天两次5毫克或减少剂量每天两次2.5毫克)或避免抗凝(口服抗血小板药物可以由治疗医生自行决定),根据随机避免抗凝的参与者开始或停止抗血小板治疗的意图进行分层,并根据年龄和脑出血部位将其降至最低。在至少6个月的随访中,主要结果是非致命性中风或血管性死亡(以先发生者为准)的组合,在意向治疗人群中使用Cox比例风险模型进行分析。APACHE-AF在ClinicalTrials.gov(NCT02565693)和荷兰试验登记处(NL4395)注册,该试验在所有参与网站关闭注册。

  • 在2015年1月15日至2020年7月6日期间,共招募了101名脑出血后患者(中位年龄78岁[IQR 73-83];55[54%]男性和46[46%]女性;100[99%]白人和1[1%]黑人),中位年龄46天(IQR 21-74)。50人接受阿匹沙班治疗,51人避免抗凝(其中26人(51%)开始抗血小板治疗)。无一例失访。中位随访时间为1.9年(IQR 1·0-3·1;222人年);
  • 13名(26%)被分配给阿匹沙班的参与者(年度事件发生率为12.6%[95%CI 6·7-21.5])和12名(24%)被分配为避免抗凝的参与者发生了非致命性中风或血管死亡(11.9%[95%CI 6·2-20.8];调整后的风险比为1.05[95%CI 0·48-2.31]);
  • 在被分配给阿匹沙班的50名参与者中有29名(58%)发生了非结局事件的严重不良事件,在51名被分配到避免抗凝的参与者中有29名(57%)发生了严重不良事件。

      心房颤动患者在服用抗凝剂期间发生脑出血,无论是分配给阿匹沙班还是为了避免抗凝,随后发生非致命性中风或血管死亡的年度风险都很高。该研究强调了需要规模足够大的随机对照试验,以便识别重新开始抗凝可能有益或有害的亚组。

文献来源:Schreuder FHBM, van Nieuwenhuizen KM, Hofmeijer J, et al. Apixaban versus no anticoagulation after anticoagulation-associated intracerebral haemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation in the Netherlands (APACHE-AF): a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Neurol. 2021;20(11):907-916. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00298-2

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    2022-01-30 yinhl1978
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    2022-02-25 yahu
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    2022-10-06 zhaojie88
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    2021-10-29 sodoo

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Thromb Res:直接作用口服抗凝剂推荐剂量对肥胖与正常体重静脉血栓栓塞患者的现实生活结果

本研究旨在探讨在建议剂量下,DOACs在肥胖患者中的治疗效果和安全性,以及与正常体重患者相比是否存在显著差异。

使用直接口服抗凝剂和华法林治疗慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压的长期结果:一项日本前瞻性队列研究

CTEPH AC Registry 是一项前瞻性全国队列研究,比较直接口服抗凝剂 (DOAC) 和华法林治疗 CTEPH 的安全性和有效性。

AJKD:口服抗凝剂治疗心房颤动患者的心肾转归

直接口服抗凝剂(DOACs)已逐渐取代维生素K拮抗剂(VKAs)用于预防非瓣膜性心房颤动(AF)患者的中风。

Cardiovasc Diabetol:老年房颤和糖尿病患者服用不同口服抗凝剂的心衰风险

这项全国性队列研究表明,服用NOACs的老年房颤和糖尿病患者发生心衰的风险低于服用华法林的患者。

抗血栓药物引发胃肠道出血怎么办?最新指南总结18条建议

抗血栓药物如维生素K拮抗剂.直接口服抗凝剂.抗血小板药物如P2Y12受体抑制剂以及乙酰水杨酸(ASA)被广泛用于心房纤颤、缺血性心脏病、静脉血栓等疾病,但服用这些药物会增加胃肠道出血(GIB)的风险。

Lancet:新型XIa抑制剂asundexian比阿哌沙班在心房颤动患者中更加安全

与标准剂量的阿哌沙班相比,FXIa抑制剂atsundexian的剂量为20、50mg,对心房颤动患者的体内FXIa抑制接近完全,出血率较低。

2021 NICE 医疗技术创新简报:DOAC Dipstick用于检测直接口服抗凝剂【MIB248】

英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所(NICE,National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) · 2021-02-02

2016 ISTH指南:使用直接口服抗凝剂治疗肥胖患者

国际血栓与止血学会(ISTH,International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis) · 2016-04-27

2018 EHRA实践指导:房颤患者应用非维生素K拮抗剂口服抗凝药

欧洲心律学会(EHRA,European Heart Rhythm Association) · 2018-03-20

2016 ITAC-CME指南:直接口服抗凝剂治疗和预防癌症患者静脉血栓栓塞

国际血栓形成和癌症创议(ITAC-CME,International Initiative on Thrombosis and Cancer) · 2016-10-17