J Thorac Oncol:掀起免疫治疗NSCLC继发耐药的神秘面纱

2018-04-08 肿瘤资讯编辑部 肿瘤资讯

免疫检查点抑制剂治疗NSCLC可谓全面开花,但继发耐药研究较少。2018年3月22日JTO在线发表来自耶鲁癌症中心的研究,免疫治疗NSCLC继发耐药特点:进展部位以淋巴结为主,寡进展,局部治疗是处理继发耐药的重要手段。

免疫检查点抑制剂治疗NSCLC可谓全面开花,但继发耐药研究较少。2018年3月22日JTO在线发表来自耶鲁癌症中心的研究,免疫治疗NSCLC继发耐药特点:进展部位以淋巴结为主,寡进展,局部治疗是处理继发耐药的重要手段。

背景

PD-1轴抑制剂可有效治疗实体瘤和血液恶性肿瘤,开启了免疫治疗新时代。尽管抗PD-1或PD-L1抑制剂有效时间较化疗延长,但多数患者耐药不可避免。目前对继发耐药发生机制、临床特点和耐药后处理仍知之甚少。

免疫治疗晚期NSCLC有效率约20%, PD-L1表达超过50%患者有效率可达45%,中位疗效持续时间12~25个月,是传统化疗的2~3倍,但仅有小部分患者有效时间超过2年,随访5年无活动性肿瘤患者不足10%。为探索免疫治疗有效NSCLC为什么或如何耐药,本研究分析26例免疫治疗获得性耐药NSCLC患者的临床特点和治疗策略。

方法

自2009年12月至2016年2月间,纳入耶鲁癌症中心PD-L1轴抑制剂治疗晚期NSCLC后出现继发耐药的患者。获得性耐药定义为RECIST 1.1或免疫相关疗效评估标准(irRC)评价为PR或CR。收集患者临床病理及影像学资料。

结果

1. 筛选PD-L1轴抑制剂继发耐药患者28例,其中参加临床试验27例, 2例拒绝,最终分析26例(见图1)。单药PD-1轴抑制剂18例,联合CTLA-4抑制剂5例,联合厄洛替尼3例。数据截止至2017年5月1日,中位随访43个月,仍存活17例。RECIST1.1评效PR25例,irRC评效PR1例。疗效持续2年以上患者3例,自免疫治疗开始计算中位OS未达到,3年生存率70%。



图1: 26例免疫治疗继发耐药患者的发展和治疗

中位至继发耐药时间313天(范围104天到1236天),一线治疗(n=9)和挽救性治疗(n=17)中位至继发耐药时间分别为232天和356天(P=0.017)。从继发耐药开始计算中位OS未达到,2年生存率70%(图2)。免疫治疗继发耐药后继续PD-1轴抑制剂治疗14例,中位持续时间452天。



图2:免疫治疗继发耐药后总体和接受局部治疗患者OS曲线

2. 耐药部位  继发耐药进展部位多为淋巴结 20例占70%,仅局限在淋巴结进展11例(42%)。20例淋巴结进展患者其他肿瘤部位维持有效,其中,非淋巴结病灶和其他淋巴结继续有效13例,4例仅其他淋巴结有效,3例仅非淋巴结病灶有效(见图3)。20例患者中15例进展前淋巴结病灶免疫治疗后缩小。仅为一处病灶进展14例(54%):淋巴结进展8例,肾上腺、脑和肺进展各2例。>1处病灶进展12例:2处病灶进展9例,3处病灶进展2例。仅1例出现3处以上病灶进展。



图3:继发耐药后进展部位

3. 继发耐药处理  接受挽救性系统姑息治疗15例,一线化疗5例(均有效),2线及后线化疗2例(1例有效),靶向治疗6例(2例有效、1例疾病稳定210天),其他免疫治疗2例(均为SD)。15例患者中位生存期27个月,2年生存率69%。

继发耐药后没有立即予全身治疗而采取局部治疗15例(见图1),局部治疗未出现严重不良事件。15例患者中位OS未达到(见图2),2年生存率为92%,其中局部治疗后继续PD-1轴抑制剂治疗11例。

结论

免疫检查点抑制剂治疗NSCLC继发耐药后进展部位有限,以淋巴结进展为主,局部处理后继续给予免疫治疗可延长获益时间。

点评

免疫治疗NSCLC有效患者多数情况下继发耐药仍不可避免。需明确耐药患者特点,最佳治疗策略、耐药机制以给予更有效的治疗。该研究最大发现是继发耐药好发于淋巴结,且多局限在有限在一个淋巴结区域,可能原因第一淋巴结为免疫豁免器官,尽管可最大化抗原呈递,但细胞毒作用受限,第二淋巴结微环境优先吸引免疫抑制细胞,分泌细胞因子排斥细胞毒T细胞,促进淋巴结内免疫抑制细胞的进化,第三淋巴结易受到肿瘤免疫抑制信号的干扰。该研究第二个发现是免疫治疗继发耐药寡进展为主,26例患者中仅1例出现3处以上病灶进展。类似于ALK阳性或EGFR突变局部进展,可局部处理后原药治疗。该研究第三个发现是免疫治疗对后续治疗可能有增敏作用。

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    2019-03-24 feifers
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    2018-10-16 yyj062
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    2018-11-25 minlingfeng
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    2018-04-10 1de5757am08(暂无匿称)

    学习了

    0

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    2018-04-09 雅文博武

    学习了很多先进的医学知识

    0

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    2018-04-08 chenweiting

    我觉得非常好

    0

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