Infection:心脏铁超负荷会导致COVID-19患者的心脏损伤

2021-10-28 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

铁稳态失调伴随着铁死亡,这是一种新发现的受控细胞死亡类型,由细胞内铁积累、铁储存能力下降和谷胱甘肽耗竭引发,导致活性氧 (ROS) 形成过多、脂质过氧化,从而导致细胞死亡。

       在当前的 SARS-CoV-2 大流行期间,除呼吸道外,研究人员还观察到新冠患者的其他多个器官受累。心脏受累的情况也不少见,如急性心力衰竭、心律失常或急性冠状动脉综合征。多项研究都发现COVID-19 感染患者存在高铁蛋白血症,并表明在严重的 COVID-19 病程中铁代谢失调的现象十分严重。然而,尚未有研究显示心脏铁稳态与 COVID-19 感染严重程度之间有直接相关性。

 

       为此,研究人员我们回顾性分析了死于严重COVID-19的患者左心室心肌的铁代谢水平,并评估了这些患者的心脏铁含量以及铁死亡途径的激活情况。这是第一项探究COVID-19 感染、心脏铁超负荷和心肌损伤之间存在直接关系的研究。

 

      研究结果显示:死于严重COVID-19的患者的左心室心肌的铁浓度水平明显较高,为了确定COVID-19患者心脏中铁积累增加的原因,研究人员进一步分析了参与铁代谢的基因的表达情况,研究发现重链铁蛋白 (FTH) 与轻链铁蛋白 (FTL) 的比率发生了明显失调,这可能是细胞内铁积累的原因。由于 FTH 与 FTL 的亚铁氧化酶活性不同,FTH:FTL 比率降低会导致细胞内储存能力降低以及不稳定铁池 (LIP) 的增加,从而增加氧化应激。此外,血红素加氧酶-1 (HMOX-1)(非典型铁死亡途径)的过度激活可以增强 LIP的不稳定性,表明经典和非经典的铁死亡途径都参与了 COVID-19 相关的细胞死亡。

 

       本项研究表明在COVID-19的病情严重的患者中,心肌中会发生铁过载,细胞内铁积累伴随着铁储存能力的降低、解毒酶(GPX4)的抑制以及铁死亡途径(HMOX-1)的激活,导致心肌氧化应激增加,最终导致心肌损伤。由于铁对于包括冠状病毒在内的病毒的复制也很重要,因此 SARS-CoV-2 直接操纵铁代谢失调似乎是可能的。这也可以解释 COVID-19 的异质临床症状和多器官受累的现象。

 

原始出处:

Maria J. Baier. Et al. Cardiac iron overload promotes cardiac injury in patients with severe COVID-19. Infection.2021.

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