Developmental Cell:胰岛素干扰触发癌症恶病质

2015-04-08 佚名 生物谷

许多癌症患者遭受衰弱综合征,又称为恶病质,整个身体肌肉和脂肪组织破坏。发表在最近的Development Cell上两项使用果蝇为模型研究表示一个肿瘤分泌的蛋白质Impl2,能够抑制全身胰岛素信号,并且可能是驱动恶病质的罪魁祸首。肌肉消瘦和能量存储的损失发生在与癌症相关的恶病质,但也可以由严重饥饿,感染,或响应于创伤触发。之前已经有研究通过移植肿瘤建立这种恶病质果蝇模型,不过很少有人了解,局部肿瘤

许多癌症患者遭受衰弱综合征,又称为恶病质,整个身体肌肉和脂肪组织破坏。发表在最近的Development Cell上两项使用果蝇为模型研究表示一个肿瘤分泌的蛋白质Impl2,能够抑制全身胰岛素信号,并且可能是驱动恶病质的罪魁祸首。

肌肉消瘦和能量存储的损失发生在与癌症相关的恶病质,但也可以由严重饥饿,感染,或响应于创伤触发。之前已经有研究通过移植肿瘤建立这种恶病质果蝇模型,不过很少有人了解,局部肿瘤如何引起广泛组织破坏的分子机制。要了解这个过程中,哈佛大学的Norbert Perrimon和他的合作者激活Yorkie(yki)-一种与人类YAP1同源的果蝇基因,导致果蝇肠细胞繁殖过剩。6至12天后,这个局部的细胞生长造成脂肪和肌肉组织退化。在肌肉中这种退化是伴随着有关碳水化合物和蛋白质代谢基因的表达减少,和血液循环中显着增高的糖水平。

对果蝇的转录组进一步分析后发现,在繁殖过剩的肠细胞中Impl2表达约为70倍以上。这种蛋白在肌肉,脂肪,卵巢和其他组织中的表达对比于对照动物的组织并没有什么不同。干扰Impl2表达后,防止恶病质带来的组织萎缩和消耗,表明该组织特异性分泌的因子可调节介导整个能量存储系统。这项研究使用了一个致癌基因同源物激活Impl2,但可能其他致癌基因可以发挥类似的作用。果蝇的Impl2功能很像哺乳动物的胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)结合蛋白,能够阻断胰岛素信号。一些研究表明,这些蛋白质在癌症中被上调,但它们在癌症恶病质的作用并不被充分了解。研究人员表示他们将会可以筛选果蝇基因组,看看到底那些蛋白参与了恶病质过程。

加州大学伯克利分校的 Alejandra Figueroa-Clarevega和David Bilder,在果蝇腹部移植肿瘤诱导恶病质。他们发现恶性肿瘤会诱导的脂肪,肌肉和性腺组织发生大规模破坏。而良性的肿瘤可以长到比恶性肿瘤更大,但即使它们非常大,却不会引起这种恶病质。这表明并不是因为肿瘤越大越需要消耗营养物质,取而代之的原因是一些恶性肿瘤产生的一些物质造成了恶病质。通过转录组分析搜索这个分泌因子,研究人员同样发现了有嫌疑的Impl2。肿瘤分泌Impl2降低其他组织的胰岛素信号传导途径。在随后的实验中研究人员发现,即使不存在肿瘤,简单地在肠细胞过表达Impl2就能够触发远侧组织的变性。而在肿瘤组织中去除Impl2表达,既能可以防止恶病质症状。

在两项研究中,有肿瘤的果蝇并不比健康的果蝇进食少。研究人员说道:“关于恶病质的关键是,你不能只通过病人进食或者打营养素来对抗恶病质。”两篇研究同时锁定到Impl2,表示Impl2的确对恶病质有作用。无论Impl2是否在人类癌症恶病质中也扮演同样重要的角色,这些发现都有重大意义。我们目前无法治疗癌症恶病质的主要原因是缺乏对其发展的机制了解。Impl2鉴定作为潜在的作用因子,可以提高我们对这个疾病的认识。

原始出处:

Alejandra Figueroa-Clarevega, David Bilder.Malignant Drosophila Tumors Interrupt Insulin Signaling to Induce Cachexia-like Wasting.Development Cell, April 6, 2015, 3(1):p47–55; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2015.03.001

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    2015-12-21 fzwish20000
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    2016-03-05 仁医06
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    2015-12-07 维他命
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    2016-03-16 wincls
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    2015-10-17 lixiaol
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    2015-05-24 ljjj1053

    不错,学习了

    0

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