J Clin Invest:迷你大脑”将有助研发新型镇痛药

2017-04-11 宋金玉 新华社

过往医学理论认为,人体只有包括脑和脊髓在内的中枢神经系统才能感知和分析疼痛和冷热等知觉。但一项新研究发现,周围神经系统存在“迷你大脑”,也能感知并调节疼痛信号,这或许能有助研发非成瘾性的新型镇痛药。周围神经系统是指脑和脊髓以外的所有神经结构,包括神经节、神经干、神经丛及神经末梢。它联络中枢神经和其他各系统器官,主要成分是神经纤维。英国利兹大学和中国河北医科大学的研究人员经过5年研究发现,啮齿动物周

过往医学理论认为,人体只有包括脑和脊髓在内的中枢神经系统才能感知和分析疼痛和冷热等知觉。但一项新研究发现,周围神经系统存在“迷你大脑”,也能感知并调节疼痛信号,这或许能有助研发非成瘾性的新型镇痛药。

周围神经系统是指脑和脊髓以外的所有神经结构,包括神经节、神经干、神经丛及神经末梢。它联络中枢神经和其他各系统器官,主要成分是神经纤维。

英国利兹大学和中国河北医科大学的研究人员经过5年研究发现,啮齿动物周围神经系统中的神经节除了能传导神经信号外,还能控制向中枢神经系统传导的信息量大小。

研究发现,这些神经节细胞相互之间可以通过一种叫GABA的信号传导分子传递信息,而此前认为只有中枢神经系统才有这种信息传导能力。相关论文已发表在美国《临床检查杂志》月刊上。

研究项目主管、利兹大学神经学教授妮基塔·甘珀说,虽然目前还不清楚周围神经系统具体如何改变传导至脑部的信息,但它能够感知并更改诸如疼痛、冷热等触觉信号是事实,而且这一现象在人类身上应该同样存在。

甘珀认为,这项新研究足以挑战加拿大神经生理学家罗纳德·梅尔扎克在上世纪七、八十年代提出的“门控理论”。这一理论认为周围神经系统和中枢神经系统之间存在着一些“门”,能够控制哪些痛觉信号进入大脑。比如,当人全神贯注奔跑时不小心摔了一下,站起来后又继续跑,可能没有感觉到疼痛,因为脊髓中的一些细胞阻止了疼痛信息进入大脑,大脑无法感知,这就是“门控理论”所解释的现象。

而新研究则揭示,传导至中枢神经系统的信号还得经过另外一些“门”,即周围神经系统中的神经节。这些神经节并非不加选择地将所有信号都传导至中枢神经系统,而是可以像调节音量一样放大或缩小传导至脑部的信号强弱。

研究人员认为,这一发现将深刻改变人类对疼痛医学的理解,因为理论上将来可以研发出针对周围神经系统的新型镇痛药物。新药会较一般镇痛药不易上瘾,而且不会让患者昏昏欲睡,从而大大提高临床安全剂量和药效。

原始出处:

Du X, Hao H, Yang Y, et al. Local GABAergic signaling within sensory ganglia controls peripheral nociceptive transmission. J Clin Invest. 2017 Apr 4.

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    2017-04-13 chenxh201314

    不知道怎么理解,神经节是一级控制中枢???

    0

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    2017-04-13 lqvr
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    2017-04-13 zhaojie88
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    2017-04-12 lemon985

    黑科技

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