JNS:胸腰椎骨折PVP联合微创椎弓根内固定疗效良好

2013-08-26 JNS dxy

随着人均预期寿命的增加,骨质疏松性骨折的发病率越来越高,骨质疏松骨折患者典型的骨折部位主要包括髋关节周围及椎体。未行治疗的椎体骨质疏松骨折可造成严重的后果,严重者可至截瘫。 自1985年骨水泥应用于骨质疏松患者椎体骨折的治疗后,其应用已经日渐发展。目前PVP已经作为老龄人群骨质疏松性椎体骨折的一个标准治疗术式,多项前瞻性随机对照研究表明PVP术后患者疼痛改善,功能恢复等较传统开放手术均有

随着人均预期寿命的增加,骨质疏松性骨折的发病率越来越高,骨质疏松骨折患者典型的骨折部位主要包括髋关节周围及椎体。未行治疗的椎体骨质疏松骨折可造成严重的后果,严重者可至截瘫。

自1985年骨水泥应用于骨质疏松患者椎体骨折的治疗后,其应用已经日渐发展。目前PVP已经作为老龄人群骨质疏松性椎体骨折的一个标准治疗术式,多项前瞻性随机对照研究表明PVP术后患者疼痛改善,功能恢复等较传统开放手术均有所改进,其所具有的优点已经为广大脊柱外科医生所接受。

但目前仍存在的一个问题是PVP术后本节段及邻近节段的椎体骨折再发生。近期复旦大学中山医院的学者就PVP手术联合微创椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰段椎体骨折改善患者术后功能,并预防椎体新发骨折的相关技术在JNS上进行了研究报道,现将相关内容编译如下。【原文下载

研究纳入2009年2月至2010年1月间在中山医院骨折因脊柱骨质疏松椎体骨折而行手术治疗的患者共计20例(5例男,15例女,表1),所有患者术前均无临床症状,伤后到手术时间<5/天,术前通过MRI,CT,及X片等影像学手段确诊患者椎体骨折节段,并进行VAS评分。

表1:骨质疏松患者临床指标总结


手术技术:

手术第一阶段:微创手术技术在椎体骨折邻近节段置入椎弓根螺钉(脊旁肌椎间隙入路,暴露上关节突关节和椎体横突根部,上关节突外侧缘和椎体横突中线交界部位确定进钉点,开口,使用椎弓根探针探查,确定进钉方向是否正确,重复上述步骤,完成椎弓根螺钉的置入)。

手术第二阶段:置钉完成后,通过塑形内固定的钛棒,获得腰椎后凸畸形的矫正。而后进行PVP,确定椎体骨折节段,在C臂机透视下完成椎体骨水泥的注射,注意注射过程中的骨水泥渗漏。

术后患者可以立即负重,出院后鼓励患者恢复日常活动强度。

对所有患者随访术后即刻,1月,2月,3月,6月,1年及2年的神经功能及VAS评分情况。并通过前后位及侧位X片评估骨折复位,骨水泥分布及内固定位置。


图1:左,微创化技术将椎弓根螺钉置入骨折椎体的邻近节段;右图,椎弓根螺钉置入完成后钉棒加压,骨折复位后进行PVP。

结果显示,术后患者的VAS评分,Cobb角度,椎体高度术后较术前有显著改善,术后随访过程中上述指标无显著变化(表2),在随访2年的过程中未发现上述患者出现新发椎体骨折。

表2:患者术前及术后随访指标比较情况


图2:术后即刻轴位CT检查,确认螺钉位置和有无骨水泥渗漏


图3:术前侧位X片提示骨折(A),术后侧位X片(B),术后2年随访时X片(C)提示骨折复位后角度无明显丢失


图4:微创手术入路。照片显示椎弓根螺钉置入+PVP后具有较好的外观形态

研究者最后总结认为:椎体成形术联合微创椎弓根内固定系统治疗胸椎新发椎体骨质疏松性骨折具有良好的手术效果,可以有效的预防新发骨折的发生。

原始出处:

Gu Y, Zhang F, Jiang X, Jia L, McGuire R.Minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty in the surgical treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporosis fracture.J Neurosurg Spine. 2013 Jun;18(6):634-40. doi: 10.3171/2013.3.SPINE12827. Epub 2013 Apr 5. 【原文下载

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    2014-03-27 tidiq
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    2014-06-07 仁心济世
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