AAOS:桡骨远端骨折治疗指南

2013-08-23 MedSci MedSci原创

基于对成人桡骨远端骨折治疗公开发表的文献进行的系统性回顾分析制定本临床指南。工作组所制定的29项推荐中无一被判定为“强烈推荐”,大多数均为“不确定”或“专家共识”,另有7项的推荐等级为“弱”;其余5项的推荐等级为“中度推荐”。 相关治疗措施包括:对于手法复位后桡骨短缩>3 mm、关节面向背侧倾斜 >10°、或关节内骨折明显移位或台阶 >2 mm的病例采用手术治疗而非石膏

基于对成人桡骨远端骨折治疗公开发表的文献进行的系统性回顾分析制定本临床指南。工作组所制定的29项推荐中无一被判定为“强烈推荐”,大多数均为“不确定”或“专家共识”,另有7项的推荐等级为“弱”;其余5项的推荐等级为“中度推荐”。

相关治疗措施包括:对于手法复位后桡骨短缩>3 mm、关节面向背侧倾斜 >10°、或关节内骨折明显移位或台阶 >2 mm的病例采用手术治疗而非石膏固定;非手术治疗时应对骨折进行牢固固定而不应以可拆卸夹板固定;

手法复位后摄腕关节侧位X线片以判断下尺桡关节的背侧排列情况;牢固固定后早期开始腕关节活动;辅以维生素C治疗防止发生与受伤程度不相符合的疼痛。

概述及本指南的制定策略

桡骨远端骨折治疗的临床指南于2009年12月4日得到美国骨科医师学会(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons,AAOS)的批准而正式发布。

制定该临床指南的目的在于以当前最好的证据资料为指导来帮助提高对这种损伤的治疗效果。当今的循证医学实践标准要求医师在临床上要基于可以获得的最佳证据来做出相关决策。

为了达到这个目的,本临床指南包括了一系列对当前有关成人桡骨远端骨折治疗的公开发表文献资料的系统性回顾分析。这些系统性回顾分析是在2008年 7月到2009年6月之间开展的,明确指出了目前已经有了哪些良好的证据,还存在哪些不足,以后的研究中需要更加关注哪些方面的问题,从而提高成人桡骨远 端骨折的治疗效果。

本指南应主要作为教育工具使用,而不应认为依据它就可以通过选择或排除的方式获得所有合理方案并取得相似的结果。任何最终的特定处理方式必须考虑到 患者自身特点,同时根据实际需要和所在机构所拥有的特定资源来确定。未来5年之内,我们将根据新的证据、临床实践的变化、迅速增加的新治疗方案、以及新技 术等方面的变化对本指南进行修订。

潜在危害和禁忌症

许多治疗方案,尤其是侵袭性操作和手术治疗方案都具有一些已知的风险。此外,不同处理方案的禁忌症也有很大的差异。因此,需要由医师与每一例患者充分交流并讨论可供选择的治疗方案后作出决定。

推荐1我们无法支持或反对在复位后持续存在神经功能障碍的情况下是否应该行神经减压(推荐强度:不确定)。

推荐2我们不能支持或反对以石膏外固定作为最终治疗方式处理初始复位良好的不稳定性骨折(推荐强度:不确定)。

推荐3我们建议对手法复位术后存在桡骨短缩>3 mm,桡骨远端关节面向背侧成角>10°,或者关节内骨折移位或呈阶梯状不平整>2 mm者采用手术治疗,而不应采用石膏固定保守治疗(推荐强度:中等)。

推荐4我们无法支持或反对采用某一种特定的手术方式处理桡骨远端骨折(推荐强度:不确定)。

推荐5我们无法支持或反对以手术治疗处理年龄大于55岁患者的桡骨远端骨折(推荐等级:不确定)。

推荐6我们无法支持或反对在55岁以上病例在手术治疗时采用锁定钢板内固定(推荐强度:不确定)。

推荐7我们建议在以非手术方式治疗桡骨远端移位性骨折时予以牢固制动,而不宜采用可拆卸的夹板外固定(推荐强度:中等)。

推荐8可拆卸式夹板外固定是轻度移位的桡骨远端骨折的选择之一(推荐强度:弱)。

推荐9我们不能支持或反对石膏固定的同时固定肘关节(推荐强度:不确定)。

推荐10桡骨远端关节内骨折的手术治疗中可同时辅以关节镜检查了解桡骨远端关节面的情况(推荐强度:弱)。

推荐11伴有韧带损伤(SLIL损伤,LT或TFCC撕裂)的骨折在手术治疗时可同时修补韧带组织(推荐强度:弱)。

推荐12对于桡骨远端关节内骨折病例,可选择关节镜检查以提高对腕部韧带损伤的诊断准确性,还可以选择CT检查以提高对关节内骨折类型的诊断准确性(推荐强度:弱)。

推荐13我们不能支持或反对在采用锁定钢板内固定时是否需要植骨或以人工骨填充(推荐强度:不确定)。

推荐14我们不能支持或反对在进行其它手术治疗的同时是否同时进行骨移植(如:自体骨移植、异体骨移植)或人工骨以填充骨缺损(推荐强度:不确定)。

推荐15在缺乏可信证据的情况下,本工作组认为采用非手术治疗的桡骨远端骨折病例应该连续随访3周,并在制动结束时再次复查(推荐强度:专家共识)。

推荐16我们无法推荐桡骨远端骨折需要2枚还是3枚克氏针予以固定(推荐强度:不确定)。

推荐17我们不能支持或反对今后是否可以用桡骨远端骨折发生率的相关数据资料来预测其它脆性骨折的发生率(推荐强度:不确定)。

推荐18我们无法支持或反对是否同时手术治疗桡骨远端骨折和下尺桡关节不稳定(DRUJ)(推荐强度:不确定)。

推荐19我们建议所有桡骨远端骨折患者在接受骨折复位后均应摄腕关节标准侧位片来评估DRUJ的情况(推荐强度:中度)。

推荐20由于缺乏可靠的证据,本工作组认为所有桡骨远端骨折病例以及疼痛未有效缓解的病例均应在随访检查时重新进行评估(推荐强度:专家共识)。

推荐21桡骨远端骨折后除了按医师制定的方案进行治疗外,还可以在家中时行功能锻炼(推荐强度:弱)。

推荐22在没有可靠证据的情况下,本工作组认为在确定桡骨远端骨折的诊断后,患者即应该开始中进行患肢手指的主动活动(推荐强度:专家共识)。

推荐23我们建议桡骨远端骨折获得稳定固定之后无需要常规进行腕关节早期活动(推荐强度:中等)。

推荐24采用外支架固定后为降低并发症发生率,可适度缩短外固定期限(推荐强度:弱)。

推荐25我们不建议反对在外支架固定时过度牵伸腕关节(推荐强度:不确定)。

推荐26我们建议桡骨远端骨折的治疗中予以维生素C辅助治疗以防止发生与病情不成正比的疼痛(推荐强度:中等)。

推荐27桡骨远端骨折的治疗中可选择超声和/或冰敷作为辅助治疗(推荐强度:弱)。

推荐28我们无法支持或反对是否同时固定与桡骨远端骨折并存的尺骨茎突骨折(推荐强度:不确定)。

推荐29我们无法支持或反对是否可以单纯采用外支架固定治疗伴随桡骨远端关节面月骨窝塌陷或4部分骨折(即伴随桡骨远端矢状面劈裂者)(推荐强度:不确定)。

本指南总体上无法得出足够的“强烈”级别推荐的现实情况表明未来需要对这一常见损伤进行更加深入的研究。未来的研究应该首先进行研究效率分析以确保评估项目包括了重要的临床疗效指标的进步,其原因在于是它们而非单纯由影像结果来反映对患者至关重要的功能改善。

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    2017-02-27 纯净水

    受益匪浅

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    2014-04-20 yinhl1978
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    2013-11-27 tianwp

    有用

    0

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