Curr&nbspBiol:研究人员在视网膜中发现近视细胞 近视疗法有望被开发

2017-02-07 生物谷 生物谷

近日,发表在国际杂志Current Biology上的一篇研究报告中,来自美国西北大学范伯格医学院(Northwestern Medicine)的研究人员通过研究在视网膜中发现了一种新细胞,当该细胞出现功能性障碍时就会致人近视,而这种特殊细胞的异常或许还和儿童在室内远离自然光线的时间有直接关联

图片来源:medicalxpress.com

近日,发表在国际杂志Current Biology上的一篇研究报告中,来自美国西北大学范伯格医学院(Northwestern Medicine)的研究人员通过研究在视网膜中发现了一种新细胞,当该细胞出现功能性障碍时就会致人近视,而这种特殊细胞的异常或许还和儿童在室内远离自然光线的时间有直接关联。

研究者Greg Schwartz表示,本文研究发现为开发新型疗法来控制近视提供了新的线索,目前在全球有超过10亿人患有近视,而且随着时间延续,近视的发生率越来越高,而且近视的发生还同儿童在室内不接触自然光线的时间有关。研究者最新发现的视网膜细胞对光非常敏感,其能够控制个体眼睛的生长和发育,如果细胞指挥眼睛向长生长时,图像就不会聚集在视网膜,从而就会引发近视;而儿童发育期间,眼睛往往就需要在合适的时间停止生长。

长期以来科学家们一直知道视网膜中含有一种特殊信号能够将图像聚集于眼睛中,而且这种信号对于儿童发育期间眼部生长的调节非常重要。目前研究人员并不清楚眼睛中哪些细胞能够携带这种信号,本文中研究者就发现了这关键缺失的一个环节,他们认为这种关键细胞实际上就能够发挥这种功能,研究人员将这种细胞命名为“ON Delayed”,其会对越来越亮的光慢慢开始产生反应。

室内的光谱有着较高的红绿对比,其能够激活人类眼中的一群光感受器,从而在视网膜中产生等价的人工对比图像,而人类眼睛中的视网膜神经节细胞(ON Delayed)或许就会被这种模式过度刺激,从而引发眼睛异常过度生长,最终引发近视。为了进行这项研究,本文中研究人员利用微型玻璃电极来记录小鼠视网膜细胞中的电信号,同时在数字放映机中展现出眼中的光学模式变化;下一步研究者的目的就是在新发现的视网膜细胞中寻找特殊的基因,随后再在小鼠模型中开启或关闭该基因的表达来诱导或治愈小鼠的近视。

原始出处:

Adam Mani, Gregory W. Schwartz. Circuit Mechanisms of a Retinal Ganglion Cell with Stimulus-Dependent Response Latency and Activation Beyond Its Dendrites. Current Biology. January 26, 2017

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    2017-02-27 sunylz
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    2017-02-12 JusTice

    哪种光线可以抑制这种光感受器的激活,以后室内灯生产厂家又有新的炒作话题了。记得瞿佳教授讲过是因为室外自然光的亮度很强,室内光仅有自然光的几十分之一。期待后续的研究

    0

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    2017-02-09 zutt

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