PRS:术式改良!四步扩张皮瓣法重建鼻背穹窿!

2021-03-11 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

扩张器(或自体扩张器)瓣在重建鼻背穹窿和保留内鼻阀功能方面为传统的扩张器移植物提供了另一种选择。这在积极的背部驼峰复位后尤为重要,因为背部驼峰缩小有可能导致V型倒置畸形、背部狭窄或鞍鼻畸形。

扩张器(或自体扩张器)瓣在重建鼻背穹窿和保留内鼻阀功能方面为传统的扩张器移植物提供了另一种选择。这在积极的背部驼峰复位后尤为重要,因为背部驼峰缩小有可能导致V型倒置畸形、背部狭窄或鞍鼻畸形。

在这篇文章中,作者描述了一种四步扩张皮瓣技术,它提供了一种简单、可重复的方法,在保留内部瓣膜功能的同时成形鼻背穹窿。

坚持背部驼峰减压术的原则可以最大限度地保留上外侧软骨,这是成功实施自展式皮瓣技术的关键因素。正因为如此,可通过30°斜角明显分离上外侧软骨与软骨中隔,以保留上外侧软骨的最大长度。在鼻背驼峰缩小后,采用以下四个步骤重建鼻背。

拉-扭-转

在上外侧软骨从鼻中隔及其下面的粘骨软骨膜中剥离出来后,如果需要,可以修剪这些软骨的尾缘,比如改变鼻尖旋转。

然后轻轻拉出每个上外侧软骨的横向部分,并向内侧折叠。这使得上外侧软骨折叠的横向部分可以被有效地“夹住”,直接与软骨间隔的最背侧相邻接。

水平褥式缝合

从一侧上外侧软骨的折叠部分开始,通过另一侧折叠的上外侧软骨,然后通过远端间隔,用5-0聚二恶烷酮缝线缝合,沿着间隔向远侧推进两个上外侧软骨。

上面的缝合线有助于上外侧软骨在轻微张力下稳定到鼻中隔,从而使最终形成的鼻中隔更直。在另一侧用5-0聚二恶烷酮缝线以类似的方式在键石区近端缝合,来提供额外的支撑和稳定性。

然后通过直接观察和触诊鼻背来确认是否有足够的背部美观线条。主要是采取“三点触诊试验”。具体为使用生理盐水润湿的手指,对左右背侧美观线条进行“三点触诊试验”,并在中央检查是否有任何轮廓异常。

Low-to-low经皮骨切除术

对于鼻骨宽大或不对称的鼻腔,或者在进行了积极的背部复位后有鼻骨顶端开放的鼻腔,研究者建议行截骨术。为了最大限度地减少了对鼻黏膜的损伤与便于调整,主要是行侧向经皮截骨术。在大多数情况下,更倾向于低位到低位的截骨术。2毫米的直骨刀经皮直接插入到骨性鼻锥的中段。这是在平行于上颌骨前表面的水平面上,在眼眶下缘的水平上进行的。

在骨膜下平面上,在施加恒定的指压的同时,执直骨刀沿着鼻侧壁向下沿上颌骨额突向外滑动,直到到达第一次截骨的位置。主张在右侧平面进行,这有利于应对角动脉移位这一异常情况,将受伤的可能性降到最低。

在梨状骨水平进行了几次穿孔2毫米截骨术。 其中,骨刀的方向恰好在内眼角的下方。应注意在截骨手术之间保留2毫米未触及骨的距离。

在鼻壁两侧完成这项手术后,用拇指和食指使其不完全骨折。采用 Boies鼻剥离器作骨折外固定,并确保最终的骨骼对齐。

④Texas缝合:简单的间断缝合

使用4-0可吸收性缝线间断缝合,支撑和进一步固定自动扩张皮瓣和背侧软骨间隔组成的整个结构。至少两者都在头侧靠近键石区,并且更靠近上外侧软骨的尾侧边缘。然后通过肉眼比对和轻柔触诊,来确保最近重建的背部结构是一致的。

如果需要,可以额外增加间断缝合来加强鼻背结构。

在有鼻塞病史的患者中,扩张瓣的使用显著改善了鼻腔气道,而在无鼻塞病史的患者中,鼻气道得到了保护。自从Sheen提出以来,扩张移植物一直被认为是重建鼻背穹窿的金标准。对于内鼻阀塌陷的高危患者,如鼻背高或窄、鼻骨短、中穹窿薄弱的患者,扩张器移植物在维持内鼻阀功能方面至关重要。虽然功能性扩张器移植非常有效,但也不是没有不良影响,其中最常见的是扩大鼻背线条。应该注意的是,这样的加宽效应确实可以通过操纵它们沿背间隔的放置来减小。扩张瓣技术提供了一种保留内鼻阀功能的方法,同时避免了鼻背过度增宽或软骨过度采集。

在其他情况下,应该使用扩张移植物而不是扩张皮瓣。在骨性鼻侧壁需要支撑的情况下,延伸到键石区之外的扩张器移植物将为背侧结构提供额外的稳定性。同样,如果由于内侧脚下外侧软骨较弱或鼻尖过度偏斜而导致鼻尖缺乏支撑,则应选择延长扩展扩张器移植物。

综上所述,四步扩张皮瓣技术是一种简单、易重复性的方法,既能成形鼻背穹窿,又能保留内鼻阀功能。在一期鼻整形术中,它避免了在特定的患者群体中使用扩张器移植物,否则在背部驼峰缩小或复位后,内鼻阀塌陷的风险很高。

 

原始文献:

Rohrich Rod J,Durand Paul D,Four-Step Spreader Flap: The Pull-Twist-Turn Technique.[J] .Plast Reconstr Surg, 2021, 147: 608-612.

10.1097/PRS.0000000000007661

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    2021-05-31 kzlchina
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    2021-06-02 lsj637
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    2021-03-12 sunylz
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    2021-03-11 桂林阿罗

    改良的效果不错

    0

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    2021-03-11 小漂漂

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    2021-03-11 ms1000000503357506

    好好好

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