J Hepatol:高风险肝源使用量上升与肝移植术后急性肾损伤率增加有关

2014-07-07 佚名 丁香园

肝移植手术肝源供需之间的差距日益增大,因此有必要寻找其他措施来扩大供体库。由于等待移植患者群死亡率逐渐攀升,移植计划不得已越来越依赖“放宽肝源供体标准”或采用“高风险”肝源。 美国国家统计证实,老年捐肝者和循环衰竭死亡后捐肝者(DCD)的比例逐年上升,在捐肝者减少的趋势下分别占肝源总数的13%和5%;而英国捐肝者则相对更低、等待移植者死亡率较高,其中29%肝源供体年龄超过60岁,19%肝源来

肝移植手术肝源供需之间的差距日益增大,因此有必要寻找其他措施来扩大供体库。由于等待移植患者群死亡率逐渐攀升,移植计划不得已越来越依赖“放宽肝源供体标准”或采用“高风险”肝源。

美国国家统计证实,老年捐肝者和循环衰竭死亡后捐肝者(DCD)的比例逐年上升,在捐肝者减少的趋势下分别占肝源总数的13%和5%;而英国捐肝者则相对更低、等待移植者死亡率较高,其中29%肝源供体年龄超过60岁,19%肝源来自DCD;此外,捐肝者中肥胖比例在过去10年中几乎增加了一倍。

目前还没有对高风险移植物的定义达成共识。除了年龄、体质指数(BMI)外,供体因素还包括长期ICU住院、高钠血症和肝功能血化验指标升高等;通常认为经分割的肝源也是高风险移植物。

现已有文献证实,高风险肝源对患者的生存率会产生负面影响,但是这种风险增高对于移植接受者等待名单中的患者而言是可以接受的,且当每个供体的不良因素数量有限时,这种器官接受者的生存率与标准供体接受相比没有显著差异。

目前迫于肝移植供体需求的持续增加,高风险肝源的使用量也在不断上升。因此,为了更深入理解高风险肝移植物对接受者并发症发病率的影响,有必要开展研究最大限度地提高患者获益。

急性肾损伤(AKI)是肝移植后出现的一种常见并发症死亡原因,除了导致发病患者移植术后恢复期延长、经济花费增加外,其还是ICU住院患者死亡的独立危险因素。而肝移植术后出现急性肾功能衰竭者相较其他肝移植术后患者,进展为慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)的概率高出1倍、死亡风险增加5倍。

英国伯明翰大学肝脏研究中心Leithead等对此进行研究,旨在发现高风险肝移植物使用量的增加对移植术后AKI发病率的影响。结果显示,两者之间存在相关性。该文发表在2014年6月的Journal of Hepatology杂志上。

该研究为单中心研究,研究对象纳入标准为成年慢性肝病患者,2000年1月至2011年12月期间首次接受单器官肝移植;排除标准为之前接受过肾移植和肾手术前阶段替代疗法的患者。

研究总共纳入1152例患者,对2000/01-2003/12、2004/01-2007/12、2008/01-2011/12三段4年时间内供体、移植物、接受者的变量因素进行比较。从既往数据库中提取相关数据。

高风险移植物定义为:DCD、供体年龄≥60岁、供体BMI≥30kg/m2、供体ICU住院时间>7天、供体血清钾浓度>165mmol/L和/或供体血清胆红素>51μmol/L.

按照肾脏病改善全球预后(KDIGO)AKI 2期或病情恶化标准,定义围手术期急性肾功能不全(移植术后第一周期间)为血清肌酐峰值≥基线2倍。CKD定义为移植术后6月至少发生2次并持续肾小球滤过率(eGFR)<60ml/min/1.73m2.

移植术后3月内常规免疫抑制剂为8-10谷浓度他克莫司、硫唑嘌呤和减少剂量的类固醇;备用方案为半剂量他克莫司目标谷浓度5-8、麦考酚酯和减量类固醇疗程3个月。少数患者延迟使用神经钙调蛋白抑制剂及白细胞介素2受体拮抗剂。所有免疫抑制方案选择均为内科和外科医生共同决策。

结果显示,随访期间预移植接受者肾功能有所改善,且术后-1天、-2天和-3天他克莫司平均谷浓度有所下降。接受高风险肝源移植的患者比例在3个时间段内分别为31.8%、40.9%、59.1%.

AKI发生趋势呈逐年增加:2000-2003,OR 1.00;2004-2007,OR 1.43;2008-2011,OR 2.40.调整移植接受者变量后,接受者热缺血时间增加、DCD移植、供体年龄≥60岁、供体BMI≥30kg/m2(P <0.001)是AKI的独立预测因素。

该研究表明,高风险肝源与AKI的发生率增加有相关性。如今肝源短缺的现状和肝移植手术需求的增加,共同促进了高风险肝源使用量的快速上升。而肝脏缺血再灌注损伤和继发性全身炎症反应在肝移植后AKI发病中发挥着怎样作用值得进一步研究。

目前迫切需要针对移植后AKI发病问题制定相关预防策略,而减少肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的治疗方法如肝-机器灌注,有可能发挥一定作用。

原始出处

Leithead JA1, Rajoriya N2, Gunson BK3, Muiesan P2, Ferguson JW2.The evolving use of higher risk grafts is associated with an increased incidence of acute kidney injury after liver transplantation.J Hepatol. 2014 Jun

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    2017-04-28 laymankey

    感谢分享一下!!!

    0

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    2015-08-04 sundong

    供体比较难的

    0

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    2014-10-24 cy0324
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    2014-07-09 gwc384

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