Stroke:肝素诱导的血小板减少症患者脑静脉血栓形成

2022-03-09 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

CVT是HIT患者罕见的血栓形成表现。与历史对照组的CVT相比,HIT相关的CVT具有更高的脑出血率和更高的死亡风险。

脑静脉血栓形成(CVT)最近被报道为与疫苗诱导的血栓性血小板减少症相关的常见血栓形成表现,这是一种模仿肝素诱导的血小板减少症(HIT)的综合征,并发生于接种基于腺病毒的SARS-CoV-2疫苗之后。

近日,心血管疾病领域权威杂志Stroke上发表了一篇研究文章,研究人员旨在系统评价HIT患者发生CVT的发生率、临床特征和预后。

改研究的方案在PROSPERO(CRD42021249652)进行了注册。研究人员检索了截至2021年6月1日的MEDLINE、EMBASE和Cochrane CENTRAL数据库,以查找纳入20名以上患者的HIT病例系列,或任何HIT相关CVT报告。研究人员检索了人口统计学、神经放射学、临床和死亡率数据。采用随机效应模型对比例进行荟萃分析,得出HIT中CVT的发生率和住院死亡率。研究人员将汇总估计值与没有HIT的CVT和没有CVT的HIT的估计值进行比较,以确定死亡率的差异。

从19073个结果中,研究人员选择了23个HIT病例系列(n=1220)和27个HIT相关CVT病例(n=27,71%女性)。1220名HIT患者中有1.6%发生CVT(95%CI为1.0%–2.5%,I2=0%)。81.8%的HIT相关CVT病例发生出血性脑损伤,47.8%的病例报告了影响其他血管区域的其他伴随血栓形成。住院死亡率为33.3%。与历史CVT对照相比,HIT相关CVT的死亡率绝对增加了29%(33.3% vs 4.3%,P<0.001),与没有CVT的HIT相比,死亡率增加了17.4%(33.3% vs 15.9%,P=0.046)。

由此可见,CVT是HIT患者罕见的血栓形成表现。与历史对照组的CVT相比,HIT相关的CVT具有更高的脑出血率和更高的死亡风险。最近报道的疫苗诱导的血栓性血小板减少症患者中较高的CVT发生频率在HIT中未观察到,这表明除了抗血小板因子4抗体之外的其他病理生理机制可能参与了疫苗诱导的血栓性血小板减少症相关的CVT。

原始出处:

Diana Aguiar de Sousa.et al.Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in Patients With Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia a Systematic Review.stroke.2022.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.036824

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    2022-11-19 xue8602
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    2022-09-26 fusion
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Stroke:脑静脉血栓形成的再通

由此可见,接受抗凝治疗的患者的再通率总体上高达85%,未进行静脉再通与较差的临床结局相关。

BMJ :Covid-19导致脑血栓的风险是接种疫苗后的10倍

covid-19后发生脑静脉血栓的风险比接种疫苗后高很多倍

Neurology:脑静脉血栓形成的迟发性发作

在2年的中位随访期间,约有十分之一的CVT患者出现LS。基线颅内出血、急性症状性癫痫发作和接受去骨瓣减压术的患者发生LS的风险增加。

Stroke:脑静脉血栓形成

芬兰CVT总发病率与荷兰和澳大利亚的报告相似。入院率每年增加5.0%,而院内死亡率较低。男女之间的特定性别发病率明显不同。长期死亡率随年龄增长而增加,且男性较高。

Stroke:产后期是脑静脉血栓形成的危险因素

由此可见,最近分娩的女性患CVT的风险增加,而怀孕期间CVT的风险似乎并未增加。

Neurology:脑静脉血栓形成的急性症状性发作

1/3的CVT患者会发生ASS,并与脑实质病变和血栓形成有关。研究人员发现ASS与患者结局之间没有关联。