Nat Genet:癌基因组独特印记的根源

2014-04-16 佚名 生物通

所有的致癌过程都会在患者的基因组上留下独特的突变印记。来自韦尔科姆基金会桑格学院研究所(Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute)的一个研究小组发现了一个重要的生物学证据,支持了一组抗病毒基因在癌症形成中起作用。由这一基因家族驱动的致癌过程所留下的突变标记存在于一半的癌症类型之中。 我们对于引起癌症的生物过程所知有限。紫外线和吸烟是众所周知的两个致癌过程。暴露于其中任一

所有的致癌过程都会在患者的基因组上留下独特的突变印记。来自韦尔科姆基金会桑格学院研究所(Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute)的一个研究小组发现了一个重要的生物学证据,支持了一组抗病毒基因在癌症形成中起作用。由这一基因家族驱动的致癌过程所留下的突变标记存在于一半的癌症类型之中。

我们对于引起癌症的生物过程所知有限。紫外线和吸烟是众所周知的两个致癌过程。暴露于其中任一过程会造成可区别的致癌基因组遗传损伤模式。所有的致癌过程都会在癌细胞的基因组上留下它们自身独特的印记。

APOBEC基因家族控制了在人类中进化对抗病毒感染的一些酶。科学家们推测,这些酶是导致近一半癌症类型中非常独特的突变标记的主要原因。因此,了解这一常见的遗传标记背后的致癌过程对于控制和预防疾病至关重要。

该研究小组对特异性遗传缺失两种APOBEC基因的乳腺癌患者的基因组展开了研究。他们发现这些癌症基因组具有更多被认为是由APOBEC基因家族驱动的独特突变标记。

“在APOBEC基因异常的乳腺癌患者中这种常见癌症标记频率增高支持了我们的理论:这些酶在生成这种突变标记中起作用,”论文的第一作者、韦尔科姆基金会桑格学院研究所Serena Nik-Zainal博士说。

这一遗传缺失发生在22号染色体上相邻的APOBEC3A和APOBEC3B基因位置。以往的研究报道具有这种遗传缺失的妇女更易于罹患乳腺癌。

该研究小组对来自全球的923个女性乳腺癌样本进行了检测,发现有140多人的22号染色体上有1个或2个拷贝缺失。有这种缺失的乳腺癌妇女体内具有更多数量的一种特殊遗传突变标记。

然而,APOBEC基因的突变活性似乎是一把双刃剑。这种遗传缺失在一些群体中较为普遍:它只存在于8%的欧洲人中,但却存在于93%的大洋洲群体中。尽管这种缺失提高了癌症形成的风险,它似乎也在更常见这种缺失的群体中提供了一种当前未知的优势。

论文的主要作者、Sanger研究所所长Sir Mike Stratton教授说:“除了APOBEC介导的这一过程,似乎还有其他更多的致癌突变过程,其潜在的特性还有待阐明。弄清楚这些突变过程将对未来我们防治癌症造成深远的影响。”

原始出处:


Nik-Zainal S1, Wedge DC2, Alexandrov LB2, Petljak M2, Butler AP2, Bolli N3, Davies HR2, Knappskog S4, Martin S2, Papaemmanuil E2, Ramakrishna M2, Shlien A5, Simonic I6, Xue Y2, Tyler-Smith C2, Campbell PJ3, Stratton MR2.Association of a germline copy number polymorphism of APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B with burden of putative APOBEC-dependent mutations in breast cancer.Nat Genet. 2014 Apr 13. doi: 10.1038/ng.2955. 

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    2014-08-16 liye789132251
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    2014-07-19 canlab
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    2015-01-03 cy0324
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