Biol Psychiat:拯救神经元——阿尔茨海默病治疗的一个新途径

2017-11-08 佚名 生物探索

近日,发表于Biological Psychiatry上的一项研究发现,一种能拯救脑细胞的神经保护化合物,可以防止阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠在晚年出现记忆和学习问题及抑郁样的行为。特别需要关注的是,研究将重点放在神经元存活,而非传统的淀粉样蛋白或神经纤维缠结上,或能为阿尔茨海默病治疗提供新途径。

“这可能是一种新的、令人兴奋的治疗方法。”领导该研究的爱荷华大学的Andrew Pieper教授,研究第一作者Jaymie Voorhees博士说。

之所以这样说,是因为在这项新研究中,科学家们另辟蹊径——对阿尔茨海默病,传统疗法一般会针对两种标志物,即:错误折叠的β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)在大脑中沉积形成的淀粉样蛋白斑块和Tau蛋白过度磷酸化导致的神经纤维缠结。而这一次,却不再关注这些疾病早期的病理特征,而是单纯地保护阿尔茨海默症累及的神经元。

拯救脑细胞保护大脑功能

一种名为P7C3-S243的实验化合物(已被证明在许多神经退行性疾病动物模型中,可以保护新生神经元和成熟的神经元,避免细胞死亡),这次被研究人员用来测试阿尔茨海默病大鼠模型中脑细胞的死亡。这些大鼠随着年龄的增长,会产生学习和记忆问题,类似于阿尔茨海默症患者的认知障碍。

然而,这项新的研究揭示了另一种与阿尔茨海默病患者的相似之处:到了15个月大的时候,在出现记忆问题之前,大鼠就会出现抑郁样症状。在生命后期,第一次患上抑郁症与罹患阿尔茨海默症的风险显着增加有关,而这种症状以前在动物模型中从未见过。

在3年的时间里,Voorhees测试了大量的雄性和雌性阿尔茨海默症模型大鼠和野生型大鼠,这些实验动物被分为两组。一组每天从6个月大的时候开始服用P7C3化合物,另一组服用安慰剂。这些大鼠在15个月和24个月的时间里接受了抑郁行为以及学习记忆能力测试。

在15个月大时,治疗和未经治疗所有的大鼠都有正常的学习和记忆能力。然而,未经治疗的阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠表现出明显的抑郁型行为,而接受神经保护的P7C3化合物治疗的阿尔茨海默大鼠与野生对照组行为类似,没有表现出抑郁类型的行为。

在24个月大(对大鼠而言已经是老年)的时候,未经治疗的阿尔茨海默大鼠的学习和记忆能力与对照组相比有所减少。与此相反,P7C3治疗的阿尔茨海默大鼠得到了保护,并具有与对照组大鼠相似的认知能力。

来自阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠的脑组织,未治疗(左)的大鼠脑细胞死亡(箭头所指的白色区域)比治疗(右)后大鼠更多。图片来源:Pieper Lab, University of Iowa

传统的生物标志物未出现改变

研究小组还在两个时间点检测了大鼠的大脑。他们发现传统的阿尔茨海默症生物标志物,比如淀粉样斑块、tau缠结和神经炎症在阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠身上显着增加,不管它们是否接受了P7C3治疗。然而,在接受P7C3治疗的阿尔茨海默病大鼠的大脑中,有更多的神经元存活了下来。

Pieper说:“这表明使脑细胞存活具有潜在的临床益处,即使在阿尔茨海默病早期的病理事件,如淀粉样蛋白的积累、tau的缠结和神经炎症的存在下。在新发病的的晚年抑郁症病例中,P7C3这样的治疗可能特别有用,因为它可以帮助稳定情绪,同时也能避免阿尔茨海默病患者出现记忆问题。”

原始出处:

Jaymie R. Voorhees, Matthew T. Remy, Coral J. Cintrón-Pérez, et al. (-)-P7C3-S243 protects a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease from neuropsychiatric deficits and neurodegeneration without altering amyloid deposition or reactive glia.Biological Psychiatry, Available online 6 November, 2017.

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    2018-02-03 sunylz
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    2017-11-08 坚强007

    学习

    0

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    2017-11-08 石头石头

    学习了.谢谢!

    0

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