Lancet:收缩压和舒张压可预测不同的心血管疾病风险

2014-07-19 MedSci MedSci原创

根据已在柳叶刀发表的一项来自英格兰最新的特殊调查报告所示,升高的收缩压和舒张压可能对不同类型的心血管疾病起着不同的作用,该结论基于 CALIBER (CArdiovascular research using LInked Bespoke studies and Electronic health Records) 计划中125万30岁以上患者的统计数据得出。 这项新发现表明具有较高收缩压

根据已在柳叶刀发表的一项来自英格兰最新的特殊调查报告所示,升高的收缩压和舒张压可能对不同类型的心血管疾病起着不同的作用,该结论基于 CALIBER (CArdiovascular research using LInked Bespoke studies and Electronic health Records) 计划中125万30岁以上患者的统计数据得出。

这项新发现表明具有较高收缩压的个体,其脑出血(由中风引起的脑组织出血)、蛛网膜下腔出血(中风的最严重形式)以及稳定性心绞痛患病风险更高。而舒张压升高是腹主动脉瘤风险的良好指征。

该研究是对血压影响心血管疾病首次在不同年龄患者的首次探索。

研究者使用电子健康记录检查125万年龄在30岁以上的无心血管疾病患者的血压数据,对这些患者做了平均5.2年的随访,以此记录首次心血管事件。同时也计算了他们年龄在30-80岁之间随着某一心血管事件伴高血压的终生风险。

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Forest plot of HRs (95% CIs) per 20/10 mm Hg increase in systolic (black) or diastolic (grey) blood pressure, adjusted for age and sex

The vertical dashed lines correspond to the associations of SBP (black) or DBP (grey) with total cardiovascular disease. Adjustments include age, quadratic age, and stratification by sex and primary care practice. CIs are Bonferroni corrected (13 endpoints × 2 variables=26 tests). HR=hazard ratio. SBP=systolic blood pressure. DBP=diastolic blood pressure.

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Object name is gr2.jpg

Forest plots of HRs (95% CIs) for 20/10 mm Hg changes in blood pressure in different age groups, adjusted for age and sex

Models included continuous age, age group, interaction between blood pressure and age group (which is the association reported in the forest plot), and stratification by sex and primary care practice. CIs are Bonferroni corrected (3 age groups × 12 endpoints=36 tests). HR=hazard ratio.

研究者使用电子健康记录检查125万年龄在30岁以上的无心血管疾病患者的血压数据,对这些患者做了平均5.2年的随访,以此记录首次心血管事件。共记录到 83,098例发生心血管事件。同时也计算了他们年龄在30-80岁之间随着某一心血管事件伴高血压的终生风险。但不管在哪个年龄层,收缩压在90-114 mmHg,舒张压在60-74 mmHg时,心血管风险都是最低的。也没有证据发现血压的J型曲线规律。

研究发现,高的收缩压水平与颅内出血性卒中(HR:1.44, 95%CI:1.32-1.58),与蛛网膜下腔出血(HR:1.43, 95%CI:1.25-1.63),稳定性心绞痛(HR:1.41, 95%CI:1.36-1.46)强烈相关;与腹主动脉瘤也有弱相关作用(HR:1.08, 95%CI:1.00-1.17)。与舒张压相比,收缩压升高显著影响心绞痛,心梗,外周血管疾病,而舒张压上升则显著影响腹主动脉瘤风险(较收缩压增加更显著)。脉压与腹主动脉瘤负相关(每10mmHg HR:0.91, 95%CI:0.86-0.98),与外周血管疾病强烈相关(每10mmHg HR:1.23, 95%CI:1.20-1.27)。

据Rapsomaniki博士讲,“终生风险如此之高,新的降血压策略才最重要。我们的评估提供了重要的信息,可用来提高高血压患者的咨询和决定,而这主要是基于心脏病发作和中风的风险,筛查和治疗可能更加有意义。”

一则写在链接里面的评论,来自瑞典斯德哥尔摩卡罗林斯卡医学院的Thomas Kahan 教授说道,“尽管抗高血压药物治疗依旧存在争议,观察性研究认为很少有患者达到目标血压。以下几点旨在提高降压治疗和血压控制:在个体患者中评估全球心血 管风险;提高护理组织、支持和教育;增加服药依从性和治疗持续性,直到达到预期;鼓励家庭血压监测及24小时动态血压监测;考虑困难治疗患者中的二次形成 高血压形式;转诊血压失控患者到高血压专科中心。

原始出处:

Rapsomaniki E, Timmis A, George J, Pujades-Rodriguez M, Shah AD, Denaxas S, White IR, Caulfield MJ, Deanfield JE, Smeeth L, Williams B, Hingorani A, Hemingway H.Blood pressure and incidence of twelve cardiovascular diseases: lifetime risks, healthy life-years lost, and age-specific associations in 1·25 million people.Lancet. 2014 May 31;383(9932):1899-911


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    2015-03-19 howi
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目前,在老年人群中高血压对死亡率的预测价值尚存争议。有数据表明,在某些特定的老年亚组人群中,两者的关系会倒置。ESH大会上,荷兰列登大学医学中心M. Muller发表一项研究,评估患者的实际年龄以及反映生物学年龄的身体及认知功能是否会影响血压与死亡率的相关性。 研究入选LASA研究中的1466例年龄≥65岁的受试者(平均年龄为76岁),采用多因素校正Cox比例风险模型评估血压与全因死亡率的相关性

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有关盐摄入(或钠摄入)与高血压之间是否存在必然联系的争议由来已久,很多研究结果都指出高盐摄入与高血压风险率升高具有相关性,并且与高血压疾病也存在相关性。但是,部分研究结果却是相反的,而且无论是学术界还是非学术界都存在着反对的声音。就此问题,Medscape开辟专栏,采访了3位专家征询了他们的意见,虽然各有侧重,但他们一致认为控盐将血压是合理可行也是势在必行的,现与读者分享:1.降压需控盐,尺度

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果蔬沙拉加橄榄油是十分健康的搭配。一个国际研究小组最新发现,这种地中海式饮食在降血压、保护心血管健康方面的益处确有科学依据。研究报告发表在美国新一期《国家科学院学报》上。地中海地区的居民多喜欢食用水果、蔬菜、坚果和谷类等,食用油则以橄榄油和菜油为主。此前研究发现,这种饮食习惯对心血管健康大有裨益。英国伦敦大学国王学院研究人员与欧洲同行一起报告说,他们通过动物实验发现,橄榄油、坚果中富含

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血压升高在缺血性脑卒中患者中很常见。脑缺血早期如何进行高血压的管理,目前仍是一个亟待解决的问题。一方面血压适度控制可以减轻脑水肿,阻止脑梗死向脑出血转换,有助于防止并发心肌损伤。另一方面,早期血压降低可能减少侧支血流灌注,使梗死范围扩大。【原文下载】因此,需要大量的临床试验,以确定脑卒中早期血压管理的最佳方案,而此前的试验提供的指导均不完整。近几年,2个大型试验(COSSACS、SCAST)进一步

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