Eur J Cancer:临床实践中黑素瘤的辅助治疗的疗效和安全性:临床研究与现实

2021-10-18 yd2015 MedSci原创

研究表明,在日常实践中,III/IV期黑色素瘤切除后的辅助抗PD -1治疗显示出略高的毒性率和更频繁的过早停药,但与临床研究相比,RFS率相似。

自2011年以来,转移性黑色素瘤的治疗格局发生了巨大的变化。随着免疫治疗和靶向治疗的引入,这些患者的生存率得到了提高。2013年7月,荷兰黑色素瘤治疗注册中心(DMTR)启动,荷兰的黑色素瘤晚期治疗集中在14个黑色素瘤中心,以确保这些患者的安全性和护理质量。在Checkmate-238中,与ipilimumab相比,nivolumab在切除IIIB- C期和IV期黑色素瘤患者的12个月无复发生存期更长。nivolumab组12个月无复发生存率为70.5% (95% IC, 66.1-74.5),而ipilimumab组为60.8% (95% CI, 56.0-65.2)。与ipilimumab相比,Nivolumab的毒性也更低,Nivolumab组3-4级治疗相关毒性为14.4%,ipilimumab组为45.9%。在EORTC 1325/Keynote-054试验中,pembrolizumab与安慰剂在高风险切除III期黑色素瘤患者中进行了比较。12个月时,pembrolizumab组无复发生存率为75.4% (95% CI, 71.3-78.9),而安慰剂组为61.0% (95% CI, 56.5-65.1)。pembrolizumab组中14.7%的患者报告了治疗相关3-5级毒性,而安慰剂组中为3.4%。除了临床试验外,对辅助全身治疗的结果知之甚少。因此,荷兰研究者开展了相关研究,评估可切除黑色素瘤患者术后辅助治疗的疗效和安全性。相关结果发表在European Journal of Cancer杂志上。

研究期间,共有2199例患者在DMTR数据库中登记。在这些患者中,641人接受了辅助抗PD -1治疗。362例(56.5%)为男性,中位年龄62岁(19-90)。11%的患者为AJCC-7 IIIA期,39.5%的患者为IIIB期,40.1%的患者为IIIC期,6.9%的患者为IV期。93.3%的黑色素瘤原发灶为皮肤,5.9%原发原因不明。85.6%的患者在最终手术切除后12周内开始治疗。从III/IV期切除诊断到开始抗PD-1治疗的中位持续时间为66天(IQR 47-89)。最后一次手术到抗PD-1治疗之间的中位时间为58天(IQR 42-77)。15名患者(2.3%)由于数据缺失而未纳入这些分析。一年随访组有367例。

在整个研究人群中,12个月无复发生存率为70.6% (95% CI, 66.9-74.6)。在数据截止时,共有188例(30.0%)患者复发或死亡。根据AJCC-7和AJCC-8分期不同分期患者的12个月无复发生存率有显著差异(p<0.001)。

               RFS

在AJCC-7期IIIA患者中,12个月无复发生存率为87.0% (95% CI, 78.7-96.2)。在IIIB期和IIIC期,12个月无复发生存率分别为76.5% (95% CI, 70.9-82.5)和60.3% (95% CI, 54.2-67.2)。在IV期患者中,12个月无复发生存率为69.1% (95% CI, 56.4-84.6)。男性、较高的疾病分期、原发黑色素瘤出现溃疡、Breslow厚度和BRAF-V600突变与RFS风险较高显著相关。在校正协变量后,男性、疾病分期和Breslow厚度与RFS风险较高显著相关。

       多因素分析相关因素

一年随访组包括367例患者,至少随访12个月或在12个月内死亡。共有67例(18.3%)患者出现3级毒性。最常见的3级毒性是结肠炎/腹泻(4.6%)、肝炎(1.1%)、皮疹/瘙痒(0.5%)、呼吸困难/肺炎(1.1%)和其他(6.8%)。

       治疗相关毒性

224例(61.0%)患者在12个月内停止抗PD-1治疗。过早停药的原因为任何级别的毒性(18.0%)、进展(17.4%)、医生和患者同意(13.1%)、患者选择(0.5%)、临床条件差(1.1%)、未知(0.5%)或其他原因(10.4%)。58例(15.8%)随访患者在3个月内停止治疗,14.7%在3 - 6个月内停止治疗,13.9%在6 - 9个月内停止治疗,16.6%在9 - 12个月内停止治疗。

1年随访组患者的12个月RFS率为69.5% (95% CI, 64.9e74.4)。该组的中位RFS尚未达到。在数据集截止时,共有134例(36.5%)患者复发或死亡。

综上,研究表明,在日常实践中,III/IV期黑色素瘤切除后的辅助抗PD -1治疗显示出略高的毒性率和更频繁的过早停药,但与临床研究相比,RFS率相似。

原始出处:

de Meza MM, Ismail RK, Rauwerdink D, et al. Adjuvant treatment for melanoma in clinical practice - Trial versus reality. Eur J Cancer. 2021 Sep 29:S0959-8049(21)00575-X. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.08.044. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34600790.

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    2021-10-18 JZ Yang

    学习了,感谢分享

    0

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