PNAS:邵峰等肺炎军团菌逃避宿主AIM2炎症小体天然免疫研究获进展

2012-05-19 北京生命科学研究所 北京生命科学研究所

近日,国际著名杂志PNAS在线刊登了北京生命科学研究所邵峰博士实验室的最新研究成果“Preventing bacterial DNA release and absent in melanoma 2 inflammasome activation by a Legionella effector functioning in membrane trafficking,”,该篇文章首次报道了肺炎军团

近日,国际著名杂志PNAS在线刊登了北京生命科学研究所邵峰博士实验室的最新研究成果“Preventing bacterial DNA release and absent in melanoma 2 inflammasome activation by a Legionella effector functioning in membrane trafficking,”,该篇文章首次报道了肺炎军团菌可以通过其四型分泌系统向宿主细胞注入一个效应蛋白分子,该效应蛋白作用的结果可以避免军团菌被宿主AIM2炎症小体天然免疫系统所识别。

肺炎军团菌(Legionella pneumophila)是军团菌肺炎(Legionaires’ disease)的致病菌。肺炎军团菌通常感染肺泡巨噬细胞,在胞内形成一个膜泡结构并大量繁殖,最终引发严重的肺炎。肺炎军团菌可以通过其四型分泌系统分泌数百个毒力效应蛋白分子进入宿主细胞内,它们可以阻断或调节宿主免疫防御相关的信号通路,从而帮助肺炎军团菌完成其在宿主细胞中的存活和繁殖。另一方面,宿主可以通过天然免疫系统来识别外来细菌,限制抵抗它们的侵染。AIM2(absent in melanoma 2)便是天然免疫系统中的一个重要的受体。AIM2主要负责识别由外来侵染所带来的、进入巨噬细胞细胞质的双链DNA分子,进而激活下游的蛋白酶caspase-1,促进白细胞介素1和白细胞介素18的分泌,最终诱导巨噬细胞炎症反应,帮助彻底清除外来微生物的感染。

通过对细菌和宿主两方面的遗传学研究,该篇文章证实,肺炎军团菌如果缺失其一个四型分泌系统效应蛋白SdhA,细菌的DNA将更多的进入到巨噬细胞的细胞质中,进而激活AIM2炎症小体,最终导致caspase-1的活化和白细胞介素1的分泌,以及巨噬细胞炎症性坏死。所以,SdhA效应蛋白的缺失的结果最终导致肺炎军团菌无法逃避被宿主AIM2炎症小体介导的天然免疫系统所识别。作者同时发现,SdhA具有一个功能必须的GRIP结构域(和膜泡运输功能相关),并且在宿主细胞中呈现出一系列的直径在1微米左右的特征环形膜结构。进一步的细胞生物学研究结果提示SdhA很可能对维持肺炎军团菌存在的膜泡的结构完整性必不可少,SdhA功能的缺失使得更多的细菌DNA有机会泄漏到巨噬细胞的细胞质中,从而被AIM2炎症小体所识别。

此项研究的意义在于首次证明了肺炎军团菌可以激活AIM2炎症小体介导的天然免疫反应,并且可以通过自身的四型分泌系统效应蛋白SdhA的功能来逃逸被宿主细胞的这种天然免疫反应所识别。这补充了前人认为的肺炎军团菌只被NAIP5/NLRC4炎症小体通路所识别的观点。

葛建宁博士和巩乙南博士为本文共同第一作者;其他参与此项工作的还有,徐颖(技术员)等;邵峰博士为本文通讯作者。此项研究为科技部973和北京市科委资助课题,完全在北京生命科学研究所完成。

doi:10.1073/pnas.1117490109
PMC:
PMID:

Preventing bacterial DNA release and absent in melanoma 2 inflammasome activation by a Legionella effector functioning in membrane trafficking

Jianning Ge1, Yi-Nan Gong1, Ying Xu, and Feng Shao2

Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires’ pneumonia, resides in a distinct vacuole structure called Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV). The LCV resists fusion with the lysosome and permits efficient bacterial replication in host macrophages, which requires a Dot/Icm type IVB secretion system. Dot/Icm-translocated effector SdhA is critical for L. pneumophila intracellular growth and functions to prevent host cell death. Here, we show that the absence of SdhA resulted in elevated caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion as well as macrophage pyroptosis during Legionella infection. These inflammasome activation phenotypes were independent of the established flagellin-NAIP5-NLRC4 axis, but relied on the DNA-sensing AIM2 inflammasome. We further demonstrate that Legionella DNA was released into macrophage cytosol, and this effect was significantly exaggerated by the absence of SdhA. SdhA bears a functional Golgi-targeting GRIP domain that is required for preventing AIM2 inflammasome activation. Ectopically expressed SdhA formed a unique ring-shape membrane structure, further indicating a role in membrane trafficking and maintaining LCV membrane integrity. Our data together suggest a possible link, mediated by the function of SdhA, between LCV trafficking/maturation and suppression of host innate immune detection.

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    2012-08-10 drwjr
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    2012-05-21 wincls
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    2012-05-21 lsndxfj

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