盘点:近期肠易激综合征研究一览

2016-09-26 MedSci MedSci原创

肠易激综合征(IBS)是一种消化系统疾病,主要表现为腹部疼痛和不适,伴有排便形态改变。据统计,约2500-4500万美国人患有肠易激综合症,男性患者多于女性。确切病因尚不清楚,但研究人员认为可能是由于肠道、大脑和神经系统之间的传导出现障碍。梅斯医学小编为您盘点近期肠易激综合征相关研究进展。【1】AAN 2016:紧张性头痛、偏头痛、肠易激综合征彼此有基因关联么?偏头痛和紧张性头痛可能与肠易激综

肠易激综合征(IBS)是一种消化系统疾病,主要表现为腹部疼痛和不适,伴有排便形态改变。据统计,约2500-4500万美国人患有肠易激综合症,男性患者多于女性。确切病因尚不清楚,但研究人员认为可能是由于肠道、大脑和神经系统之间的传导出现障碍。

梅斯医学小编为您盘点近期肠易激综合征相关研究进展。

【1】AAN 2016:紧张性头痛、偏头痛、肠易激综合征彼此有基因关联么?

偏头痛和紧张性头痛可能与肠易激综合症(IBS)有共同的作用基因,这将在2016年4月15日至21日在温哥华召开的第68届美国神经病学学会年会上提出。 

伊斯坦布尔大学的Derya Uluduz和同事着手开展研究。他们招募了107名阵发性偏头痛患者、53名阵发性紧张性偏头痛(ETTH)患者、107名IBS患者,并选取了53名健康民众作为对照。患有偏头痛的患者出现IBS的发生率是ETTH患者的2倍;54.2%的偏头痛患者患有IBS,而28.3%的ETTH患者患有IBS;35.5%的IBS患者患有偏头痛;22.4%的IBS患者患有ETTH。且研究人员分析了所有参与者羟色胺转运体基因和5-羟色胺受体2A基因。 

作者表示,IBS便秘患者血液中的5-羟色胺分泌逐渐减少。IBS患者5-羟色胺信号和5-羟色胺黏膜表达和5-羟色胺转运蛋白的免疫反应性降低等方面都存在缺陷。

研究人员发现IBS患者、偏头痛患者或ETTH患者都至少存在一个不同于正常民众的基因,这表明三种疾病可能与一种基因有关。(文章详见--AAN 2016:紧张性头痛、偏头痛、肠易激综合征彼此有基因关联么?

【2】呼吸试验可诊断肠易激综合征?

研究人员已经确定了呼出气体中一组挥发性有机化合物可以作为具有潜在效用的生物标志物,用于肠易激综合征诊断和监测。相关内容近期在线发表于《Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics》上。

确定和验证挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)能够将IBS患者与没有消化系统症状的对照组患者相区分,van Schooten和同事们收集了170名IBS患者和153名性别、年龄相匹配的对照组人群的呼出气体样本。受试者来自Maastricht IBS临床队列。然后他们评估临床队列和1307名一般人群队列(腹痛,肠胀气,嗳气、腹胀、腹泻和恶心)中VOC生物标志物和自述消化系统症状(腹痛、不适、肠胃气胀和嗳气)之间的相关性。

他们发现16种挥发性有机化合物准确地预测89.4%的IBS患者和73.3%的健康对照组人群(AUC=0.83),并与临床队列(P=0.0003)和普通人群队列(P=0.0004)胃肠道症状有适当的联系。利用Kruskal-Wallis测试,他们证实了潜在的干扰因素,包括饮食、吸烟、酒精、焦虑或抑郁、膳食补充或药物。 

“据我们所知,呼出空气中一组挥发性有机化合物能够预测一个常见的功能性胃肠道疾病的存在,这还是首次。在设计和开发可靠的无创性生物标记肠易激综合症过程中,它可以被视为一种首要步骤。”(文章详见--呼吸试验可诊断肠易激综合征?

【3】AAN 2016:不伴有心境障碍者,偏头痛会增加其肠易激综合征的发病风险

据美国神经科学学会2016年会上的一项新的研究显示,对于不伴有心境障碍的患者来说,偏头痛是其日后发生肠易激综合征的一个危险因素,但是对于伴有心境障碍的患者来说却并非如此。

该研究中,研究人员利用台湾国家健康保险研究资料库的资料,确定了2859名偏头痛患者和5718名对照者,匹配了年龄、性别、高血压糖尿病和心境障碍,并比较了伴或不伴有心境障碍的患者肠易激综合征的发生风险。

排除了事先存在重大疾病的患者以及搜索数据库前后30天内诊断为肠易激综合征的患者。对这些患者进行随访7年或直至患者诊断为IBS或失去随访。

总体来说,偏头痛组8.4%的患者出现了肠易激综合征,而对照组5.4%人群出现了肠易激综合征。偏头痛增加了肠易激综合征的发生风险。对比了伴或不伴有心境障碍的患者后,研究人员发现偏头痛明显增加了不伴有心境障碍患者肠易激综合征的发生风险,但是并没有显著增加存在心境障碍患者肠易激综合征的发生风险。

最后,研究人员总结道,研究结果表明,对于不伴心境障碍的患者来说,偏头痛是其肠易激综合征发生的一个危险因素,而对于伴有心境障碍的患者来说,偏头痛并不会额外增加其肠易激综合征的发生风险。(文章详见--AAN 2016:不伴有心境障碍者,偏头痛会增加其肠易激综合征的发病风险

【4】共识易览:肠易激综合征如何管理?

中华医学会消化病学分会胃肠功能性疾病协作组联合中华医学会消化病学分会胃肠动力学组结合我国的研究资料和国际最新的共识意见,对我国IBS共识意见进行更新。本共识意见分为定义与流行病学、病因与发病机制、诊断、治疗等4个部分,共28条。(文章详见--共识易览:肠易激综合征如何管理?

【5】Gastroenterology:雷莫司琼治疗女性肠易激综合征

研究组进行了一项随机安慰剂对照的3期试验,探究雷莫司琼能否缓解女性IBS-D患者的症状。

该研究共纳入了576名IBS-D女性患者,在1周的基线阶段之后,292名患者每天服用雷莫司琼2.5 μg(试验组),还有284名患者则服用安慰剂(对照组),持续12周。以整体IBS症状每月的缓解情况和最后评估点时患者大便稠度的增加作为主要结局指标,此外研究者也调查了患者的生活质量 (QOL)情况。

研究数据显示,试验组 (50.7%; 95% CI, 44.8-56.6)症状整体改善率较对照组(32.0%; 95% CI, 26.7-37.8)高,两组相差18.6% (95% CI, 10.7-26.5; P < .001),RR=1.58 (95% CI, 1.29-1.94),需要治疗的人数为6(95% CI, 4-10)。试验组 (40.8%; 95% CI, 35.1%-46.6%)大便稠度增加的比例也比对照组(24.3%; 95% CI, 19.4%-29.7%)高,两组相差16.5%(95% CI, 8.9%-24.0%; P < .001)。试验组腹痛和不舒服感较对照组下降明显(P = .001),此外QOL改善更明显(P = .002)。不过试验组有11.0%的患者发生了便秘。

研究结果表明,IBS-D女性患者每天服用2.5 μg的雷莫司琼可减少症状,增加大便稠度,以及改善生活质量。(文章详见--Gastroenterology:雷莫司琼治疗女性肠易激综合征

【6】PLoS One:肠易激综合征可增加痴呆发生的风险

脑肠轴异常已成为肠易激综合征(IBS)进展的相关病理生理机制之一。此外,最近认为脑肠轴是维持认知功能的关键因素。因此,研究者评估IBS后痴呆发生的风险。

结果:校正年龄,性别,糖尿病高血压卒中,冠心病,颅脑损伤,抑郁,癫痫后,与无IBS的患者相比,IBS的患者痴呆发生的风险增加(aHR= 1.26,95% CI= 1.17-1.35),IBS和非IBS患者痴呆的发生率分别为4.86和3.41每1000人年。50岁以上男性和女性患者及有无共发病的患者,IBS与痴呆的发生风险增加。校正年龄,性别和共发病后,IBS患者更易发展成为非阿尔茨海默病(AD)(aHR = 1.24,95% CI = 1.15-1.33)或AD(aHR = 1.76,95% CI = 1.28-2.43)。

结论:IBS与老年痴呆症的风险增加相关,这种相关性在50岁以上的患者更加明显。(文章详见--PLoS One:肠易激综合征可增加痴呆发生的风险

【7】J Oral Rehabil:牙齿缺失而引起肠易激综合征

虽然牙齿数目与胃肠功能紊乱之间的关系已被确定,但是,关于牙齿缺失IBS之间关系的研究去很有限。本研究的目的是为了探讨伊朗成人中牙齿丧失与IBS之间的关系。

采用横断面调查研究,纳入4669名伊朗成人,使用问卷调查方式评价参与者的牙齿状况。将参与者分为五类:完整牙列(无义齿),缺失1-2颗牙齿者,缺失3-5颗牙齿者,缺失半口或更多牙者。采用罗马III标准确定IBS及其亚型。校正了混杂因素后,缺失1-2和3-5颗牙齿的参与者患IBS的几率分别为完整牙列参与者的1.35和1.33倍。控制不同的混杂因素后,相对于完整牙列的参与者,佩戴义齿的参与者患便秘型IBS的机会高103% (95% 可信区间为129–321)。

无论是校正混杂因素之前还是校正混杂因素之后,参与者的牙齿状况与IBS其他亚型之间均无显著地关联。另外,我们发现,缺失1-2颗牙齿或者缺失3-5颗牙齿可能会明显增加IBS发生的危险。义齿可能与便秘型IBS有关,仍需要更多地前瞻性研究以进一步确定本研究的发现。(文章详见--J Oral Rehabil:牙齿缺失而引起肠易激综合征

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    2016-10-10 1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称)

    总结的很好!

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    2016-10-10 1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称)

    分享一下!

    0

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    2016-09-29 乐奕11

    厉害

    0

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=143696, encodeId=addb14369634, content=总结的很好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Oct 10 21:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=143695, encodeId=8272143695f6, content=分享一下!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Oct 10 21:45:54 CST 2016, time=2016-10-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137541, encodeId=9a3913e54180, content=厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151110/IMG5641A6F12C0732294.jpg, createdBy=2f901662448, createdName=乐奕11, createdTime=Thu Sep 29 07:18:07 CST 2016, time=2016-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1430688, encodeId=46dc14306880d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f9b9e9124a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#综合征#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79124, encryptionId=f9b9e9124a8, topicName=综合征)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 12:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135846, encodeId=d515135846cd, content=盘点盘点, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=a37a1710612, createdName=oo902, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 12:20:13 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135768, encodeId=0480135e686a, content=应当认真研究一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cd381919282, createdName=1e0a2178m68(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Sep 27 10:27:07 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135698, encodeId=b97d1356989d, content=学习新知识,谢谢。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 06:46:10 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-27 oo902

    盘点盘点

    0

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    2016-09-27 1e0a2178m68(暂无匿称)

    应当认真研究一下

    0

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    2016-09-27 刘煜

    学习新知识,谢谢。

    0

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肠易激综合征(IBS)是一种消化系统疾病,主要表现为腹部疼痛和不适,伴有排便形态改变。据统计,约2500-4500万美国人患有肠易激综合症,男性患者多于女性。确切病因尚不清楚,但研究人员认为可能是由于肠道的大脑之间神经系统传导出现障碍。此外,既往研究表明,患有IBS和其他胃肠道不适的患者较没有出现胃肠道不适的民众出现头痛或偏头痛的频率更高。这之间有何联系?伊斯坦布尔大学的Derya Uluduz和