控制糖分摄入新理由——高血糖易导致阿尔茨海默病

2017-02-28 佚名 生物探索

高血糖症是糖尿病和肥胖的一大特征。有许多研究表明,糖尿病患者发展为阿尔茨海默病的风险更高,那么高血糖与阿尔茨海默病之间是否存在关联?近日,来自自巴斯大学和伦敦国王学院的研究发现,一种在免疫功能和胰岛素调节中起重要作用的酶在阿尔茨海默病早期会出现与高葡萄糖相关的损伤。

近日,一项来自巴斯大学和伦敦国王学院的新研究首次揭示了高血糖与阿尔茨海默病之间在分子层面上的关联。研究发现,高血糖或葡萄糖能够损害一种重要的酶,这种酶涉及在阿尔茨海默病早期阶段的免疫应答过程。研究人员说,这项研究结果将有助于让人们进一步认识这一毁灭性的神经退行性疾病,以更好地诊断处于疾病风险中的人,并找到治疗或预防疾病的新方法。这项研究发表于Scientific Reports上。

众所周知,高血糖症是糖尿病和肥胖的一大特征。然而,除了糖尿病患者发展为阿尔茨海默病的风险更高之外,高血糖症和阿尔茨海默病的病因之间的联系仍然不清楚。现在,研究人员表明,巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子(MIF)——一种在免疫功能和胰岛素调节中起重要作用的酶——在阿尔茨海默病早期会出现与高葡萄糖相关的损伤。

阿尔茨海默病症状出现之前大脑就已经发生毒性变化

阿尔茨海默病是一种与年龄有关的神经退行性疾病,该病表现为进行性脑损伤、记忆受损和脑功能损伤逐渐加重,最终患者会丧失智力,无法完成简单的日常活动。

阿尔茨海默病至今仍然无法预防,治疗及治愈。随着人类寿命延长,老年人口数增加,阿尔茨海默病患者也越来越多。仅在美国,就有超过500万的人口罹患阿尔茨海默病。随着更多研究的进行,科学家正在逐渐解开阿尔茨海默病发生和发展期间发生在大脑中的复杂变化。许多专家认为,由阿尔茨海默病引起的脑细胞的损伤在疾病症状出现之前10年甚至更长时间就已经开始了。在这个临床前阶段,患者还未出明显症状时,大脑中已经发生了毒性变化。其中,β-样淀粉蛋白斑块及tau蛋白异常磷酸化是阿尔茨海默病的主要生化特征。毒性蛋白斑聚集到神经元中,导致神经元的变性与死亡。

科学家们已经知道葡萄糖及其代谢副产物可以通过糖化(glycation)反应损伤蛋白质,糖化反应也与阿尔茨海默病有关,并且是糖尿病诱导的高血糖症的特征之一。在这项新研究中,研究人员使用一种灵敏的技术检测来自有或没有阿尔茨海默病的人脑样本中的糖化反应情况。

糖对MIF的损伤可能是一个疾病发生“临界点”

研究小组发现, MIF在阿尔茨海默病的早期阶段经历了糖化损伤。同时,MIF糖化程度似乎也会随着疾病的进展而增加。MIF涉及到大脑中的神经胶质脑细胞如何对阿尔茨海默病期间异常蛋白质的聚集作出免疫应答。研究小组认为,MIF的糖化损伤会降低这种酶的功能,这可能是发展成阿尔茨海默症的“临界点”。

巴斯大学的生物学和生物化学高级研究员之一Jean van den Elsen说,“我们已经证明,这种酶在阿尔茨海默病早期阶段的患者大脑中就已经被葡萄糖修饰了。”他和他的同事现在正在探索他们是否能够检测到血液中出现的类似变化。

本研究第一作者,巴斯大学的Omar Kassaar博士表示 :“对糖尿病和肥胖症来说,过量的糖对我们来说是不利的,但是它们与阿尔茨海默病的潜在联系是我们应该控制饮食中的糖摄入量的另一个原因。”

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    2017-04-04 jyzxjiangqin

    控制糖分摄入新理由。

    0

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    2017-03-01 hbwxf
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    2017-02-28 Anima

    阿尔茨海默

    0

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    2017-02-28 Albert Wu

    基因是本病的决定因素

    0

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