分子研究阐明高血糖与阿尔茨海默氏症的潜在联系

2017-02-27 张荣杰 中华医学网

一项新的分子研究首次揭示了高血糖对于一种参与阿尔茨海默氏症(Alzheimer's disease)早期免疫反应的重要的酶的损害。研究人员说,这些发现将有助于更好的认识阿尔茨海默氏症这种灾难性疾病的进程,以及更好地识别具有危险因素的患者,并有可能通过这项研究找到新的方法来治疗或预防阿尔茨海默氏症。

一项新的分子研究首次揭示了高血糖对于一种参与阿尔茨海默氏症(Alzheimer's disease)早期免疫反应的重要的酶的损害。研究人员说,这些发现将有助于更好的认识阿尔茨海默氏症这种灾难性疾病的进程,以及更好地识别具有危险因素的患者,并有可能通过这项研究找到新的方法来治疗或预防阿尔茨海默氏症。

异常的血糖增高或高血糖是糖尿病代谢综合征的一个显着的特征。然而,我们目前仅仅知道糖尿病患者患阿尔茨海默氏症的风险较高,但是对于高血糖和痴呆之间的联系或因果关系目前还不太清楚。

现在,研究人员发现,巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(macrophage migration inhibitory factor,MIF)——一种在机体的免疫功能和胰岛素的调节起着重要作用的酶,其因高血糖所受到的损伤与早期阿尔茨海默氏症相关。

来自英国巴斯大学(University of Bath)和伦敦大学国王学院(King's College London)的研究小组将这项最新的研究成果发表在了Scientific Reports杂志上。

大脑中有毒物质的变化


阿尔茨海默氏症是一种渐进性脑萎缩疾病,其会削弱患者的记忆力、思考能力以及执行日常任务和独立生活的能力。

在老年人中,阿尔茨海默氏症是造成痴呆的最常见原因。这种疾病影响了全球约4600万人。

随着越来越多的研究完成,科学家们逐渐揭示了在阿尔茨海默氏症发生和发展中大脑中的复杂变化。许多专家认为,阿尔茨海默氏症所造成的损害开始于认知明显衰退之前10年甚至更久。在这个临床前阶段,患者没有出现任何的症状,但是大脑中已经发生了毒性变化。

在大脑中发生的一个主要变化是异常蛋白积累逐渐成为毒性斑块和缠结,这些变化可以导致正常的脑细胞停止工作、失去与其他细胞的联系甚至死亡。

科学家已经知道,糖尿病会引起血糖的异常升高,而过多的葡萄糖及其代谢副产物会通过一种称为糖基化的反应损害蛋白质,这种损害的反应也与阿尔茨海默氏症相关。

在这项新的研究中,研究人员使用了一种敏感的技术来检测患有阿尔茨海默病和非阿尔茨海默氏症患者的脑内糖基化产物。

糖对酶的破坏可能是“引爆点”

研究小组发现的证据表明,巨噬细胞移动抑制因子这种酶的糖基化损伤发生在疾病的早期阶段。似乎巨噬细胞移动抑制因子糖基化程度的增加也会影响到疾病的进展。

巨噬细胞移动抑制因子在一种被称为神经胶质细胞的大脑细胞在应对阿尔茨海默氏症的异常蛋白质积聚受到累及。

研究团队认为高血糖对于巨噬细胞移动抑制因子的损伤降低的酶的功能以及阻断了其他的作用,这可能是使阿尔茨海默氏症的发展“引爆点”。

该研究的作者,巴斯大学生物学和生物化学高级研究员Jean van den Elsen教授说:这种酶在阿尔茨海默病早期阶段受到葡萄糖影响而变化。他和他的同事们正在调查是否能检测到血液中的类似变化。

该研究的第一作者巴斯大学Omar Kassaar博士说:众所周知,过量的糖在糖尿病和肥胖症中对我们有害,但糖与阿尔茨海默病的潜在联系是我们更需要控制饮食中糖分摄入的另一个重要原因.

原始出处
Omar Kassaar, Marta Pereira Morais, Suying Xu,et al.Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor is subjected to glucose modification and oxidation in Alzheimer’s Disease.Scientific Reports .23 February. 2017.

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    2017-04-05 jyzxjiangqin

    阐明高血糖与阿尔茨海默氏症的潜在联系。

    0

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    2017-03-01 hbwxf
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