BMJ:两种分娩镇痛方法之比较

2015-02-24 赵洲 MedSci原创

硬膜外麻醉被视为最有效的分娩期镇痛方法,经常被用作镇痛的首选方法。但在局部镇痛不近便时或者产妇或产科医师希望采用低创方法时,肌肉或静脉注射阿片类药物可以作为一种代替方案。瑞芬太尼是一种有效的μ型阿片受体激动剂。较短的半衰期使得瑞芬太尼可以在产妇自控下使用以减轻分娩的痛苦。瑞芬太尼可以通过胎盘屏障,但胎儿可以迅速代谢。尽管早前已经有两个研究评价产妇对瑞芬太尼和硬膜外麻醉止痛的满意度。两种止痛方法没有



硬膜外麻醉被视为最有效的分娩期镇痛方法,经常被用作镇痛的首选方法。但在局部镇痛不近便时或者产妇或产科医师希望采用低创方法时,肌肉或静脉注射阿片类药物可以作为一种代替方案。瑞芬太尼是一种有效的μ型阿片受体激动剂。较短的半衰期使得瑞芬太尼可以在产妇自控下使用以减轻分娩的痛苦。瑞芬太尼可以通过胎盘屏障,但胎儿可以迅速代谢。尽管早前已经有两个研究评价产妇对瑞芬太尼和硬膜外麻醉止痛的满意度。两种止痛方法没有表现出差异。但这两个研究有局限性。因此,有必要对这两种止痛方法再次进行比较研究。

试验参与者是中等到高度分娩疼痛。共有1414名产妇参与此次研究,709人被随机分配到瑞芬太尼组,705被分配到硬膜外麻醉组。因为部分最终选择了剖腹产,所以最终只有1358人的数据(瑞芬太尼687人,硬膜外麻醉671人)。在709名女性中,447人(65%)在分娩时使用了瑞芬太尼,硬膜外麻醉组为347人(52%)。瑞芬太尼组用药量为30μg(20μg/mL的溶液)。这一剂量是基于早前的研究。剂量可以根据疼痛适度调整到40或20μg。分娩期间,产妇要回答两个不同的问题。产妇要用直观模拟标度尺对止痛方法进行评价,0为最不满意,100为高度满意。产妇还要回答有关疼痛评分的问题。接受止痛治疗后,产妇的血氧饱和度被持续监测。医护人员记录恶心、呕吐、瘙痒和高血压等不良反应的发生率。

研究结果表明,两种止痛方法效果并不一样。产妇对硬膜外麻醉止痛更为满意。尽管病人对自控瑞芬太尼止痛有着很高的满意度,但相比于硬膜外麻醉却不那么理想。这对临床分娩止痛的方案选择有着重要的意义。

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    2015-08-23 柳叶一刀
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1847655, encodeId=42da184e655a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Sun Aug 23 11:51:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=17388, encodeId=fa791e38894, content=学习了。谢。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=764f1616389, createdName=lylis, createdTime=Mon Mar 02 21:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=17088, encodeId=b1141e0880c, content=不错的文章,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36a81612921, createdName=xiaoai5777, createdTime=Fri Feb 27 15:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275054, encodeId=a25712e505426, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=263031541b4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#分娩#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31541, encryptionId=263031541b4, topicName=分娩)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d590125, createdName=linlin2312, createdTime=Thu Feb 26 12:51:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1355208, encodeId=241a1355208c1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=256a96e9990' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#镇痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96799, encryptionId=256a96e9990, topicName=镇痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Thu Feb 26 12:51:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1603814, encodeId=418d16038142f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e2773155898' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#分娩镇痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31558, encryptionId=e2773155898, topicName=分娩镇痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=146919086692, createdName=zhangbaojun, createdTime=Thu Feb 26 12:51:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-03-02 lylis

    学习了。谢。

    0

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    2015-02-27 xiaoai5777

    不错的文章,学习了

    0

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    2015-02-26 linlin2312
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    2015-02-26 zhaojie88
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