PRS:巧思!通过鼻窦粘膜影像学结果评估同种异体面部移植的排斥反应!

2021-03-13 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

皮肤是面部移植排斥反应的靶组织之一,因其易于获取,已成为诊断排斥反应的金标准。然而,同种异体移植物含有其他免疫原性组织,包括肌肉,神经,骨,血管和粘膜。由于手术入路困难,较深层的组织类型不能常规评估。

皮肤是面部移植排斥反应的靶组织之一,因其易于获取,已成为诊断排斥反应的金标准。然而,同种异体移植物含有其他免疫原性组织,包括肌肉,神经,骨,血管和粘膜。由于手术入路困难,较深层的组织类型不能常规评估。对于皮肤以外的组织对排斥反应的反应,人们知之甚少。

众所周知,口腔粘膜是排斥反应的靶点,与同期的皮肤活检结果相比,粘膜活检结果通常显示出更严重的排斥反应的组织学征象。同种异体鼻腔粘膜移植后的变化到目前为止还没有被研究过。本文提出的基于计算机断层图像的研究旨在量化和讨论鼻窦粘膜,特别是上颌窦粘膜作为排斥反应靶点的作用。

在图像分割的帮助下,对6名面部移植受者的面部中部进行计算机断层扫描,监测深部组织的变化。上颌窦被认为是一个动态的解剖结构。在图像分割的帮助下,可量化通气量(通气系数)相对于上颌窦浑浊的变化。作为粘膜肿胀的替代指标,通气系数的变化被量化,并与时间、治疗和皮肤排斥程度有关。

由下图可见,同种异体上颌窦患者的通气系数比本地上颌窦患者低(p<0.05)。只有上颌窦粘膜移植患者的通气系数较低。具有天然上颌窦的面部移植受者没有观察到病理变化

尽管机械切开和治疗感染症状,鼻窦混浊仍未消退,直到术后60个月才达到高度混浊(图2)。治疗调整后(术后60个月),无进一步排斥反应发生。最新扫描显示鼻窦混浊几乎完全消失(通气系数,0.70)。数据显示,在活检证实的2级和3级同种异体皮肤发生排斥反应时,与0级和1级相比,通气量明显降低。无论是机械性的、感染性的,还是药物副作用,都不能充分解释这里提出的发现。

该研究结果对于接受部分鼻窦道的面部移植患者的临床治疗具有重要的参考价值。这些患者患上颌窦慢性疾病的风险可能会增加,必须制定适当的随访策略。此外,鼻窦粘膜可能是排斥反应的靶点。因为在常规活检中不容易获得标本,因此基于计算机断层扫描的图像分割可能有助于监测血管化复合同种异体移植物中更深层次的动态组织变化,并可能有助于设计针对患者的个体化治疗策略。研究者还认为评估鼻窦粘膜,可能有助于更好地定义全球同种异体移植排斥反应的概念,而非以皮肤为中心来作诊断和治疗决策。

原始文献:

Kauke Martin,Safi Ali-Farid,Palmer William Jackson et al. Dynamic Maxillary Sinus Changes of Facial Vascularized Composite Allotransplants.[J] .Plast Reconstr Surg, 2021, 147: 722-727.

DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000007673

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    2021-07-16 guoyibin
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    2021-06-21 heli0118
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