Circulation:微血管病变在心肌缺血起关键作用:分为4型,用4条标准可诊断

2018-10-12 文韬 中国循环杂志

近期,Circulation杂志刊登了了“缺血性心脏病再评价:冠状动脉微血管功能障碍在心绞痛病因中的基础作用”一文。

近期,Circulation杂志刊登了了“缺血性心脏病再评价:冠状动脉微血管功能障碍在心绞痛病因中的基础作用”一文。

文章指出,缺血性心脏病可由多种机制引起,包括心外膜冠状动脉狭窄、冠状动脉痉挛和冠状动脉微血管功能障碍(CMD)。

作者说,“显而易见,冠状动脉微血管功能障碍在心肌缺血中起着关键作用。”

微血管病变性心绞痛是指,在没有冠状动脉狭窄的情况下,由微血管功能障碍引发的心绞痛症状和心肌缺血。

但微血管病变性心绞痛还可以进一步扩展到包括存在阻塞性冠状动脉疾病、冠状动脉血运重建后以及心脏移植后患心绞痛的患者。这样的患者有相当的比例。

冠状动脉微血管功能障碍也常导致心肌病和心脏瓣膜病患者发生心绞痛,以及类似Takotsubo综合征的应激心肌病,和没有阻塞性冠状动脉疾病的心肌梗死患者。

冠状动脉微血管功能障碍分为4型

作者认为,冠状动脉微血管功能障碍可分为以下4种类型。

表1 冠状动脉微血管功能障碍的机制和临床表现

《冠状动脉微血管疾病诊断和治疗的中国专家共识》则按照微血管病变的不同病因将分成了三种类型:不合并阻塞性冠状动脉疾病、合并阻塞性冠状动脉疾病以及其他类型的微血管病变。其他类型则包括应激性心肌病(Takotsubo 心肌病)、肥厚型心肌病、扩张型心肌病、心肌炎、主动脉瓣狭窄、 Anderson-Fabry病、心肌淀粉样变性等。

两种分类方法实际上是Circulation这篇文章将有心肌病和瓣膜病的患者单独作为一个类型。

文中称,稳定性微血管性心绞痛的患者通常存在劳力或静息性胸痛、冠状动脉血流储备减少或微血管痉挛,明显影响了患者生活质量和预后。

微血管病变性心绞痛诊断标准

当符合心肌缺血的症状、未发现冠状动脉有狭窄性病变、心肌缺血的客观证据和冠状动脉微血管功能受损证据这4个标准时,诊断出明确的微血管性心绞痛。如果存在标准1和2,则诊断出疑似微血管性心绞痛,但必须具备有缺血(标准3)或冠状动脉微血管功能受损(标准4)的客观证据。

表2 微血管病变性心绞痛诊断标准



冠状动脉微血管功能障碍的机制


图1 冠状动脉微血管功能障碍在缺血性心脏病发病机制中的作用

作者认为,近年来心肌缺血诊断取得很大的进展,可以使用一些检查来研究冠状动脉血流储备降低和微血管痉挛的功能和结构原因,在日常临床实践中可以发现更多的微血管性心绞痛患者。虽然一些抗心绞痛药物可能有帮助,但冠状动脉微血管功能障碍的治疗仍然是一项挑战。

原始出处:Juan-Carlos Kaski , Filippo Crea , Bernard J. Gersh , et al. Reappraisal of Ischemic Heart Disease: Fundamental Role of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Angina Pectoris. Circulation. 2018;138:1463–1480.

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    2018-10-13 mgqwxj
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    2018-10-12 明月清辉

    谢谢分享,学习了

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总之,原发性醛固酮增多症患者相比于原发性高血压患者AVR发生了显著的改变,它可以代表微血管重塑的一个早期和更可靠的指标。

Diabetes Care:2型糖尿病患者抗阻力训练中骨骼肌微血管参与改善血糖控制!

由此可见,RT可以改善OGC刺激的肌肉MBF和血糖控制,这表明MBF在RT改善的血糖控制发挥了作用。