Nat Commun:Rett综合征新靶点被发现

2016-02-16 佚名 生物谷

哈佛干细胞研究所(HSCI)研究人员识别出一种错误的信号通路,当错误被纠正时,小鼠中Rett综合征(Rett syndrome)的症状得到改善。这些发现可能导向对化合物或药物的开发,从而使遭受该病影响的孩子们受益。指导这项工作的神经生物学家Jeffrey Macklis说道。 这项研究最近发表于《Nature Communications》期刊,共同第一作者Noriyuki Kishi和Je

哈佛干细胞研究所(HSCI)研究人员识别出一种错误的信号通路,当错误被纠正时,小鼠中Rett综合征(Rett syndrome)的症状得到改善。这些发现可能导向对化合物或药物的开发,从而使遭受该病影响的孩子们受益。指导这项工作的神经生物学家Jeffrey Macklis说道。

这项研究最近发表于《Nature Communications》期刊,共同第一作者Noriyuki Kishi和Jessica MacDonald都是Macklis实验室的博士后研究员。

Rett综合征是一种相对常见的神经发育障碍,是唐氏综合症之外第二常见的导致女孩智力残障的疾病。该病与X染色体上的功能失调基因相关。男孩罹患Rett综合征比较罕见,因为男性胎儿只有一条X染色体,如果携带基因突变,通常会在产前死亡。罹患Rett综合征的女孩,在出生后6到18个月似乎发育相对正常,但随后开始退步,趋于失去语言和有目的地使用双手的能力,对玩耍和社交环境失去兴趣,无法握紧双手。

奥地利医生 Andreas Rett于1966年第一次描述该病,但直到1999年,Huda Zoghbi和她贝勒医学院的实验室才确实MECP2基因中的突变作为Rett综合征的根本原因。但是,MECP2会开启和关闭身体内的大量基因,因此,为什么患儿非常特异性出现大脑发育的认知障碍,就成为长期存在的难题。

"我的观点是,(由于)Rett综合征中MECP2的突变会扰乱如此多的基因及其蛋白质产物,我们恐怕无法通过修复单个基因来帮助患儿"Macklis说,"但如果我们发现一个药物能够充分影响病理学的中断、调节不当的信号通路,也许就能够使用现有可用的疗法来显着提高患儿们的功能--这可能会给她们和她们家人的生活带来真正的改善。"

Macklis团队没有集中于MECP2基因,而是关注他们已知"存在异常并涉及Rett综合征和自闭症系疾病"的神经元。2004年,Macklis实验室首次描述了这种类型神经元中的异常发育。这些神经元被称为脑半球胼胝体投射神经元(CPN),负责大脑两个半球之间的信号交流。在携带Rett基因突变的小鼠或Rett综合征患者中,这些神经元的树突较短,发育不全。

基于2004年的研究发现,研究人员能够在携带或不携带Rett突变的小鼠中荧光标记CPN,将它们从其他类型的神经元中纯化出来,查看成千上万基因活动的水平和这些基因编码制造的蛋白质数量。

他们发现了一种编码IRAK1的基因。Macklis团队识别出IRAK1受MECP2的调节,同时是著名的NF-kB信号通路的一部分,该蛋白质水平比正常状态高3倍。他们在携带Rett突变的小鼠和所培养的小鼠神经元中修改了IRAK1水平。当他们将其基因Irak1的活性降低大约一半,IRAK1蛋白质数量也随之下降,这种情况下神经元及其树突的发育状况明显更好,在几项测试中与正常发育的神经元无异。此外,IRAK1水平降低的小鼠,症状明显较少,功能更好,寿命长得多。不只是这些神经元得到改善,小鼠的健康状况也大幅提高。

Macklis说,研究人员目前已经开始研究可能部分纠正这一通路的可用潜在化合物和药物,以及可能最终缓解Rett综合征影响的剂量和用法。

原始出处:

Kishi N, MacDonald JL, Ye J, Molyneaux BJ, Azim E, Macklis JD.Reduction of aberrant NF-κB signalling ameliorates Rett syndrome phenotypes in Mecp2-null mice. Nat Commun. 2016 Jan 29;7:10520. doi: 10.1038/ncomms10520.

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    2016-07-04 ysjykql
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    2016-03-29 hb2008ye
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    2017-01-22 liuli5079
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    2016-02-18 lsndxfj
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