Cancer Cell:研究发现引发肝癌形成的罪魁祸首!

2017-12-12 枫丹白露 来宝网

脂质包含最佳的能量来源和重要的细胞成分。来自巴塞尔大学Biozentrum和日内瓦大学的研究人员现在已经发现,蛋白质mTOR刺激肝脏肿瘤中脂质的产生,以满足癌细胞营养转换和能量需求增加等功能。科学家在“癌细胞”中报道,在肝癌患者中也观察到这一过程。

肝癌:脂质合成促进肿瘤形成】脂质包含最佳的能量来源和重要的细胞成分。来自巴塞尔大学Biozentrum和日内瓦大学的研究人员现在已经发现,蛋白质mTOR刺激肝脏肿瘤中脂质的产生,以满足癌细胞营养转换和能量需求增加等功能。科学家在“癌细胞”中报道,在肝癌患者中也观察到这一过程。

在瑞士,每年约有650例新的肝癌病例被诊断出来。近20年来,恶性和侵袭性肝细胞癌的发病率翻了一番,特别是在发达国家。一个可能的原因是肥胖和糖尿病的增加。由巴塞尔大学Biozentrum教授Michael N. Hall教授和日内瓦大学Howard Riezman教授领导的科学家对肿瘤发展和疾病进展有了新的认识。在小鼠模型和患者样品中,他们已经证明,雷帕霉素的生长调节剂mTOR-哺乳动物靶 - 促进从头脂质合成,从而促进肿瘤发生。脂肪酸和脂质在肝脏中的累积是肝细胞癌的主要原因之一。

研究的第一作者,医学博士Yakir Guri解释说:“从某种意义上说,肝脏是我们身体的厨房。 “它储存和回收营养素,通过消除有害物质,如药物和酒精,产生激素前体和排毒身体。”不仅过度饮酒,而且肥胖和糖尿病加之运动不足会损伤肝脏。第一个无症状综合征是所谓的“脂肪肝”,可能导致发展为肝细胞癌(HCC)的炎症。侵袭性和快速增殖的HCC细胞最终破坏周围的健康肝组织,导致肝衰竭。

研究人员最初在小鼠模型中研究了这种疾病的进展。为此目的,它们特异性地在肝细胞中激活mTOR。 Guri说:“我们已经知道mTOR参与了肿瘤的发展,因为它可以集中控制细胞的生长。然而,在HCC的情况下,我们不知道哪个下游的代谢和信号通路受到影响。研究人员现在发现,mTORC2-mTOR形成两个称为mTORC1和mTORC2的蛋白质复合物,促进脂肪酸和某些脂质的新合成。大多数人没有意识到我们的身体比基因包含更多的脂质物种。假设有成千上万种不同的类型,“Guri说,”与Howard Riezman的团队一起,我们已经能够分析广泛的这种类脂。”

在肝细胞中,mTORC2尤其刺激对细胞生长重要的两种脂质物质:鞘脂和心磷脂的产生。首先是细胞膜的结构成分,它们必须在迅速增殖的细胞中连续供应。心磷脂位于细胞动力室,线粒体,并参与能源生产。通过增强心磷脂的合成,能量饥饿的肿瘤细胞确保其能量供应。 “癌细胞依赖于脂肪酸和脂质的新合成;如果关闭水龙头,就会停止肿瘤的发展。”

对来自HCC患者的组织样品的分析证实了在小鼠模型中进行的观察。 mTORC2及其信号传导途径(促进脂肪酸和脂质的从头合成)在患者的肿瘤样品中也被激活。因此,蛋白质复合物在良性“脂肪肝”进展为侵袭性HCC中起关键作用。该研究为潜在的治疗干预的发展提供了重要的见解,因为它表明靶向的脂肪生成抑制剂可能具有预防肿瘤发展的潜力。

原始出处:

Yakir Guri, Marco Colombi, Eva Dazert, et al. mTORC2 Promotes Tumorigenesis via Lipid Synthesis. Cancer Cell (2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.11.011 .

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    2018-10-19 维他命
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    2017-12-13 虈亣靌

    不错的.学习了!谢谢分享!

    0

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目前,世界每年新发现恶性肿瘤病人约635万例,其中肝癌占26万例。在26万例肝癌中,42.5%发生在中国。作为全球肝癌高发区,中国每年约有20万人死于肝癌,占全球肝癌死亡人数的一半。有着“癌中之王”之称的肝癌,曾是死刑般的存在,患者多在3个月内死亡。上世纪60年代末,一位年近不惑的医生毅然决然地踏入这一领域,在他的努力下,肝癌患者5年生存率由此前的3%跃升到60%以上,在人类抗击肝癌史上创下“

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肝细胞癌(HCC)在男性中的发病率较高,这可能由于雄激素受体(AR)与HCC的发病机制有关。然而,AR表达及其在HCC中的确切作用仍然存在争议。此前在HCC中进行的抗雄激素和抗AR的相关临床试验未能显示出其临床益处。近期,一项发表在Hepatology上的研究发现,在大约37%的HCC肿瘤的细胞核中存在AR的过表达,并且,其与晚期疾病阶段和患者的存活不良相关。在HCC细胞中,AR过度表达显着改变A